Description

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Caffeine is the most used psychoactive drug in the world. But how exactly does it make you feel more alert and awake? To answer this, we have to explore cellular metabolism, brain chemistry, and the incredible ways your cells recycle some of your most basic components.



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📚Primary Works Cited:



Arousal Effect of Caffeine Depends on Adenosine A2A Receptors in the Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens
Michael Lazarus, Hai-Ying Shen, Yoan Cherasse, Wei-Min Qu, Zhi-Li Huang, Caroline E. Bass, Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer, Kazue Semba, Bertil B. Fredholm, Detlev Boison, Osamu Hayaishi, Yoshihiro Urade, Jiang-Fan Chen
Journal of Neuroscience 6 July 2011, 31 (27) 10067-10075; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6730-10.2011



Sarnataro, R., Velasco, C.D., Monaco, N. et al. Mitochondrial origins of the pressure to sleep. Nature (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09261-y



Huang ZL, Urade Y, Hayaishi O. The role of adenosine in the regulation of sleep. Curr Top Med Chem. 2011;11(8):1047-1057. doi:10.2174/156802611795347654



Do HN, Akhter S, Miao Y. Pathways and Mechanism of Caffeine Binding to Human Adenosine A2A Receptor. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Apr 27;8:673170. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673170. PMID: 33987207; PMCID: PMC8111288.



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