WEBVTT

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Alice<00:00:00.800><c> and</c><00:00:01.040><c> Bob</c><00:00:01.360><c> are</c><00:00:01.680><c> hovering</c><00:00:02.480><c> close</c><00:00:02.800><c> to</c><00:00:03.120><c> a</c>

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Alice and Bob are hovering close to a
 

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Alice and Bob are hovering close to a
non-spinning<00:00:04.240><c> black</c><00:00:04.560><c> hole</c><00:00:05.040><c> and</c><00:00:05.359><c> Bob</c><00:00:06.080><c> decides</c>

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non-spinning black hole and Bob decides
 

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non-spinning black hole and Bob decides
to<00:00:06.799><c> jump</c><00:00:07.120><c> in.</c><00:00:08.080><c> What</c><00:00:08.480><c> happens</c><00:00:08.800><c> to</c><00:00:09.040><c> him?</c><00:00:09.920><c> You</c>

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to jump in. What happens to him? You
 

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to jump in. What happens to him? You
probably<00:00:10.400><c> know</c><00:00:10.639><c> from</c><00:00:10.880><c> Bob's</c><00:00:11.280><c> own</c>

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probably know from Bob's own
 

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probably know from Bob's own
perspective,<00:00:12.000><c> he</c><00:00:12.320><c> does</c><00:00:12.639><c> enter</c><00:00:13.040><c> the</c><00:00:13.280><c> black</c>

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perspective, he does enter the black
 

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perspective, he does enter the black
hole.<00:00:14.400><c> But</c><00:00:14.719><c> the</c><00:00:14.960><c> question</c><00:00:15.200><c> is,</c><00:00:15.759><c> what</c><00:00:16.240><c> happens</c>

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hole. But the question is, what happens
 

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hole. But the question is, what happens
from<00:00:16.880><c> Alice's</c><00:00:17.520><c> perspective?</c><00:00:18.560><c> The</c><00:00:18.800><c> most</c>

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from Alice's perspective? The most
 

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from Alice's perspective? The most
common<00:00:19.359><c> story</c><00:00:19.680><c> I</c><00:00:20.000><c> hear</c><00:00:20.160><c> is</c><00:00:20.480><c> as</c><00:00:20.720><c> Bob</c><00:00:21.039><c> falls</c>

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common story I hear is as Bob falls
 

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common story I hear is as Bob falls
closer,<00:00:22.160><c> Alice</c><00:00:22.640><c> sees</c><00:00:22.960><c> him</c><00:00:23.279><c> slow</c><00:00:23.680><c> down</c><00:00:23.920><c> and</c>

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closer, Alice sees him slow down and
 

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closer, Alice sees him slow down and
eventually<00:00:24.800><c> freeze</c><00:00:25.119><c> at</c><00:00:25.359><c> the</c><00:00:25.519><c> horizon.</c><00:00:26.960><c> But,</c>

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eventually freeze at the horizon. But,
 

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eventually freeze at the horizon. But,
and<00:00:27.599><c> this</c><00:00:27.760><c> is</c><00:00:27.920><c> important,</c><00:00:28.720><c> that's</c><00:00:29.039><c> just</c><00:00:29.279><c> what</c>

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and this is important, that's just what
 

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and this is important, that's just what
she<00:00:29.840><c> sees.</c><00:00:30.480><c> In</c><00:00:30.720><c> reality,</c><00:00:31.199><c> Bob</c><00:00:31.519><c> actually</c><00:00:31.760><c> goes</c>

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she sees. In reality, Bob actually goes
 

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she sees. In reality, Bob actually goes
in.<00:00:32.239><c> She</c><00:00:32.399><c> just</c><00:00:32.640><c> can't</c><00:00:33.200><c> see</c><00:00:33.440><c> it.</c>

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in. She just can't see it.
 

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in. She just can't see it.
But<00:00:35.360><c> wait</c><00:00:35.520><c> a</c><00:00:35.760><c> second.</c><00:00:36.559><c> Doesn't</c><00:00:36.880><c> time</c><00:00:37.600><c> really</c>

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But wait a second. Doesn't time really
 

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But wait a second. Doesn't time really
slow<00:00:38.480><c> down</c><00:00:38.719><c> near</c><00:00:39.040><c> a</c><00:00:39.200><c> black</c><00:00:39.440><c> hole</c><00:00:39.680><c> and</c><00:00:40.000><c> stop</c><00:00:40.239><c> at</c>

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slow down near a black hole and stop at
 

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slow down near a black hole and stop at
the<00:00:40.559><c> event</c><00:00:40.879><c> horizon</c><00:00:41.680><c> from</c><00:00:42.239><c> Alice's</c>

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the event horizon from Alice's
 

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the event horizon from Alice's
perspective?<00:00:44.239><c> So,</c><00:00:44.559><c> shouldn't</c><00:00:44.879><c> it</c><00:00:45.120><c> mean</c><00:00:45.280><c> that</c>

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perspective? So, shouldn't it mean that
 

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perspective? So, shouldn't it mean that
it's<00:00:45.840><c> not</c><00:00:46.000><c> just</c><00:00:46.239><c> what</c><00:00:46.480><c> she</c><00:00:46.719><c> sees,</c><00:00:47.039><c> but</c><00:00:47.280><c> he</c>

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it's not just what she sees, but he
 

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it's not just what she sees, but he
actually<00:00:48.079><c> takes</c><00:00:48.320><c> an</c><00:00:48.559><c> infinite</c><00:00:48.879><c> time</c><00:00:49.039><c> to</c><00:00:49.280><c> enter</c>

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actually takes an infinite time to enter
 

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actually takes an infinite time to enter
the<00:00:49.680><c> hole?</c><00:00:50.399><c> So,</c><00:00:50.719><c> from</c><00:00:50.960><c> her</c><00:00:51.200><c> perspective,</c>

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the hole? So, from her perspective,
 

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the hole? So, from her perspective,
nothing<00:00:52.079><c> should</c><00:00:52.320><c> ever</c><00:00:52.559><c> enter</c><00:00:52.879><c> a</c><00:00:53.120><c> black</c><00:00:53.280><c> hole,</c>

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nothing should ever enter a black hole,
 

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nothing should ever enter a black hole,
right?

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right?
 

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right?
And<00:00:55.520><c> if</c><00:00:55.680><c> that</c><00:00:55.920><c> is</c><00:00:56.079><c> the</c><00:00:56.320><c> case,</c><00:00:57.199><c> how</c><00:00:57.440><c> do</c><00:00:57.680><c> black</c>

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And if that is the case, how do black
 

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And if that is the case, how do black
holes<00:00:58.320><c> form</c><00:00:58.719><c> in</c><00:00:58.960><c> the</c><00:00:59.199><c> first</c><00:00:59.359><c> place?</c><00:00:59.680><c> Because</c>

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holes form in the first place? Because
 

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holes form in the first place? Because
matter<00:01:00.320><c> would</c><00:01:00.559><c> take</c><00:01:00.640><c> an</c><00:01:00.879><c> infinite</c><00:01:01.280><c> time</c><00:01:01.440><c> to</c>

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matter would take an infinite time to
 

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matter would take an infinite time to
collapse.<00:01:02.800><c> Or</c><00:01:03.199><c> shouldn't</c><00:01:03.680><c> black</c><00:01:03.920><c> holes</c>

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collapse. Or shouldn't black holes
 

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collapse. Or shouldn't black holes
evaporate<00:01:05.119><c> even</c><00:01:05.519><c> before</c><00:01:06.000><c> Bob</c><00:01:06.400><c> enters</c><00:01:06.720><c> in?</c><00:01:07.520><c> And</c>

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evaporate even before Bob enters in? And
 

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evaporate even before Bob enters in? And
would<00:01:08.479><c> Bob</c><00:01:08.880><c> actually</c><00:01:09.280><c> see</c><00:01:09.520><c> the</c><00:01:09.920><c> entire</c>

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would Bob actually see the entire
 

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would Bob actually see the entire
universe<00:01:10.799><c> in</c><00:01:11.119><c> fast</c><00:01:11.439><c> forward</c><00:01:11.840><c> as</c><00:01:12.080><c> he</c><00:01:12.320><c> falls</c>

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universe in fast forward as he falls
 

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universe in fast forward as he falls
through?<00:01:13.360><c> I</c><00:01:13.600><c> never</c><00:01:13.840><c> got</c><00:01:14.080><c> a</c><00:01:14.320><c> satisfactory</c>

01:15.030 --> 01:15.040 align:start position:0%
through? I never got a satisfactory
 

01:15.040 --> 01:18.149 align:start position:0%
through? I never got a satisfactory
answer<00:01:15.360><c> for</c><00:01:15.680><c> all</c><00:01:15.920><c> these</c><00:01:16.240><c> questions</c><00:01:17.360><c> until</c>

01:18.149 --> 01:18.159 align:start position:0%
answer for all these questions until
 

01:18.159 --> 01:20.230 align:start position:0%
answer for all these questions until
now.<00:01:18.880><c> For</c><00:01:19.040><c> the</c><00:01:19.280><c> past</c><00:01:19.439><c> few</c><00:01:19.680><c> months,</c><00:01:19.920><c> I've</c><00:01:20.159><c> been</c>

01:20.230 --> 01:20.240 align:start position:0%
now. For the past few months, I've been
 

01:20.240 --> 01:22.149 align:start position:0%
now. For the past few months, I've been
going<00:01:20.400><c> through</c><00:01:20.640><c> this</c><00:01:20.880><c> incredible</c><00:01:21.600><c> book</c><00:01:21.840><c> on</c>

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going through this incredible book on
 

01:22.159 --> 01:25.190 align:start position:0%
going through this incredible book on
relativity.<00:01:22.880><c> And</c><00:01:23.280><c> my</c><00:01:23.680><c> god,</c><00:01:24.159><c> I</c><00:01:24.479><c> think</c><00:01:24.720><c> I</c>

01:25.190 --> 01:25.200 align:start position:0%
relativity. And my god, I think I
 

01:25.200 --> 01:28.390 align:start position:0%
relativity. And my god, I think I
finally<00:01:25.840><c> cracked</c><00:01:26.240><c> it.</c><00:01:27.040><c> So,</c><00:01:27.600><c> in</c><00:01:27.840><c> this</c><00:01:28.000><c> video,</c>

01:28.390 --> 01:28.400 align:start position:0%
finally cracked it. So, in this video,
 

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finally cracked it. So, in this video,
we're<00:01:28.640><c> going</c><00:01:28.720><c> to</c><00:01:28.880><c> pretend</c><00:01:29.439><c> we</c><00:01:29.759><c> don't</c><00:01:29.920><c> know</c>

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we're going to pretend we don't know
 

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we're going to pretend we don't know
anything<00:01:30.799><c> about</c><00:01:31.119><c> black</c><00:01:31.439><c> holes</c><00:01:31.840><c> or</c><00:01:32.079><c> event</c>

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anything about black holes or event
 

01:32.479 --> 01:35.990 align:start position:0%
anything about black holes or event
horizons<00:01:33.280><c> and</c><00:01:33.600><c> step</c><00:01:33.920><c> by</c><00:01:34.159><c> step</c><00:01:34.720><c> rediscover</c><00:01:35.520><c> the</c>

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horizons and step by step rediscover the
 

01:36.000 --> 01:39.670 align:start position:0%
horizons and step by step rediscover the
real<00:01:36.720><c> physics</c><00:01:37.200><c> behind</c><00:01:37.680><c> them</c><00:01:38.400><c> intuitively,</c>

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real physics behind them intuitively,
 

01:39.680 --> 01:42.230 align:start position:0%
real physics behind them intuitively,
answering<00:01:40.320><c> every</c><00:01:40.799><c> single</c><00:01:41.280><c> burning</c><00:01:41.759><c> question</c>

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answering every single burning question
 

01:42.240 --> 01:44.630 align:start position:0%
answering every single burning question
about<00:01:42.640><c> event</c><00:01:43.040><c> horizons.</c><00:01:44.079><c> So,</c><00:01:44.240><c> if</c><00:01:44.479><c> you're</c>

01:44.630 --> 01:44.640 align:start position:0%
about event horizons. So, if you're
 

01:44.640 --> 01:47.670 align:start position:0%
about event horizons. So, if you're
ready<00:01:44.799><c> for</c><00:01:44.960><c> this,</c><00:01:45.759><c> let's</c><00:01:46.079><c> begin.</c>

01:47.670 --> 01:47.680 align:start position:0%
ready for this, let's begin.
 

01:47.680 --> 01:50.230 align:start position:0%
ready for this, let's begin.
We<00:01:47.920><c> start</c><00:01:48.159><c> by</c><00:01:48.399><c> talking</c><00:01:48.640><c> to</c><00:01:48.880><c> Wolf</c><00:01:49.280><c> Gang</c><00:01:49.600><c> Rler,</c>

01:50.230 --> 01:50.240 align:start position:0%
We start by talking to Wolf Gang Rler,
 

01:50.240 --> 01:53.030 align:start position:0%
We start by talking to Wolf Gang Rler,
the<00:01:50.479><c> person</c><00:01:50.720><c> who</c><00:01:51.040><c> coined</c><00:01:51.520><c> the</c><00:01:51.840><c> term</c><00:01:52.560><c> event</c>

01:53.030 --> 01:53.040 align:start position:0%
the person who coined the term event
 

01:53.040 --> 01:56.389 align:start position:0%
the person who coined the term event
horizon.<00:01:54.159><c> And</c><00:01:54.560><c> he</c><00:01:54.880><c> asks</c><00:01:55.119><c> a</c><00:01:55.360><c> seemingly</c><00:01:55.920><c> random</c>

01:56.389 --> 01:56.399 align:start position:0%
horizon. And he asks a seemingly random
 

01:56.399 --> 02:00.310 align:start position:0%
horizon. And he asks a seemingly random
question.<00:01:57.200><c> Mahesh,</c><00:01:58.000><c> can</c><00:01:58.159><c> you</c><00:01:58.399><c> outrun</c><00:01:59.119><c> light?</c>

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question. Mahesh, can you outrun light?
 

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question. Mahesh, can you outrun light?
What<00:02:00.479><c> do</c><00:02:00.560><c> you</c><00:02:00.719><c> mean?</c><00:02:01.840><c> Here's</c><00:02:02.159><c> our</c><00:02:02.399><c> friend</c>

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What do you mean? Here's our friend
 

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What do you mean? Here's our friend
Alice,<00:02:03.200><c> and</c><00:02:03.439><c> there's</c><00:02:03.680><c> a</c><00:02:03.920><c> flashlight</c><00:02:04.399><c> behind</c>

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Alice, and there's a flashlight behind
 

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Alice, and there's a flashlight behind
her.<00:02:05.280><c> As</c><00:02:05.520><c> we</c><00:02:05.759><c> turn</c><00:02:05.920><c> on</c><00:02:06.159><c> the</c><00:02:06.320><c> flashlight,</c><00:02:06.880><c> she</c>

02:07.350 --> 02:07.360 align:start position:0%
her. As we turn on the flashlight, she
 

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her. As we turn on the flashlight, she
blasts<00:02:07.759><c> her</c><00:02:08.000><c> ship</c><00:02:08.319><c> and</c><00:02:08.560><c> starts</c><00:02:08.879><c> accelerating.</c>

02:09.910 --> 02:09.920 align:start position:0%
blasts her ship and starts accelerating.
 

02:09.920 --> 02:11.510 align:start position:0%
blasts her ship and starts accelerating.
The<00:02:10.239><c> question</c><00:02:10.479><c> is,</c><00:02:10.879><c> with</c><00:02:11.200><c> enough</c>

02:11.510 --> 02:11.520 align:start position:0%
The question is, with enough
 

02:11.520 --> 02:14.550 align:start position:0%
The question is, with enough
acceleration,<00:02:12.720><c> can</c><00:02:13.040><c> she</c><00:02:13.360><c> outrun</c><00:02:13.920><c> that</c><00:02:14.239><c> beam</c>

02:14.550 --> 02:14.560 align:start position:0%
acceleration, can she outrun that beam
 

02:14.560 --> 02:17.830 align:start position:0%
acceleration, can she outrun that beam
of<00:02:14.800><c> light</c><00:02:15.760><c> or</c><00:02:16.239><c> will</c><00:02:16.480><c> the</c><00:02:16.800><c> light</c><00:02:17.120><c> eventually</c>

02:17.830 --> 02:17.840 align:start position:0%
of light or will the light eventually
 

02:17.840 --> 02:20.390 align:start position:0%
of light or will the light eventually
catch<00:02:18.160><c> up</c><00:02:18.319><c> to</c><00:02:18.640><c> her?</c>

02:20.390 --> 02:20.400 align:start position:0%
catch up to her?
 

02:20.400 --> 02:22.390 align:start position:0%
catch up to her?
My<00:02:20.640><c> immediate</c><00:02:21.040><c> response</c><00:02:21.360><c> is,</c><00:02:21.680><c> Rler,</c><00:02:22.239><c> that's</c>

02:22.390 --> 02:22.400 align:start position:0%
My immediate response is, Rler, that's
 

02:22.400 --> 02:24.949 align:start position:0%
My immediate response is, Rler, that's
an<00:02:22.640><c> easy</c><00:02:23.040><c> question.</c><00:02:23.840><c> I</c><00:02:24.160><c> mean,</c><00:02:24.480><c> look,</c><00:02:24.879><c> no</c>

02:24.949 --> 02:24.959 align:start position:0%
an easy question. I mean, look, no
 

02:24.959 --> 02:27.589 align:start position:0%
an easy question. I mean, look, no
matter<00:02:25.360><c> how</c><00:02:25.599><c> much</c><00:02:25.840><c> Alice</c><00:02:26.319><c> accelerates,</c><00:02:27.360><c> she</c>

02:27.589 --> 02:27.599 align:start position:0%
matter how much Alice accelerates, she
 

02:27.599 --> 02:30.309 align:start position:0%
matter how much Alice accelerates, she
will<00:02:27.920><c> always</c><00:02:28.319><c> be</c><00:02:28.720><c> slower</c><00:02:29.280><c> than</c><00:02:29.599><c> Light.</c><00:02:30.160><c> So,</c>

02:30.309 --> 02:30.319 align:start position:0%
will always be slower than Light. So,
 

02:30.319 --> 02:32.070 align:start position:0%
will always be slower than Light. So,
the<00:02:30.480><c> gap</c><00:02:30.720><c> between</c><00:02:30.959><c> them</c><00:02:31.200><c> keeps</c><00:02:31.520><c> shrinking,</c>

02:32.070 --> 02:32.080 align:start position:0%
the gap between them keeps shrinking,
 

02:32.080 --> 02:34.470 align:start position:0%
the gap between them keeps shrinking,
and<00:02:32.400><c> eventually,</c><00:02:33.040><c> given</c><00:02:33.360><c> enough</c><00:02:33.680><c> time,</c><00:02:34.080><c> Light</c>

02:34.470 --> 02:34.480 align:start position:0%
and eventually, given enough time, Light
 

02:34.480 --> 02:40.309 align:start position:0%
and eventually, given enough time, Light
will<00:02:34.959><c> always</c><00:02:35.920><c> catch</c><00:02:36.239><c> up.</c><00:02:37.680><c> or</c><00:02:38.239><c> will</c><00:02:38.480><c> it?</c>

02:40.309 --> 02:40.319 align:start position:0%
will always catch up. or will it?
 

02:40.319 --> 02:42.470 align:start position:0%
will always catch up. or will it?
Reindler<00:02:40.879><c> reminds</c><00:02:41.120><c> us</c><00:02:41.680><c> that</c><00:02:42.000><c> even</c><00:02:42.239><c> if</c><00:02:42.319><c> a</c>

02:42.470 --> 02:42.480 align:start position:0%
Reindler reminds us that even if a
 

02:42.480 --> 02:45.750 align:start position:0%
Reindler reminds us that even if a
shuttle<00:02:42.800><c> is</c><00:02:42.959><c> at</c><00:02:43.200><c> rest</c><00:02:43.519><c> in</c><00:02:43.920><c> space,</c><00:02:44.640><c> it</c><00:02:44.879><c> is</c><00:02:45.280><c> still</c>

02:45.750 --> 02:45.760 align:start position:0%
shuttle is at rest in space, it is still
 

02:45.760 --> 02:48.550 align:start position:0%
shuttle is at rest in space, it is still
moving<00:02:46.160><c> through</c><00:02:46.560><c> time.</c><00:02:47.360><c> So</c><00:02:47.599><c> in</c><00:02:47.840><c> spacetime,</c>

02:48.550 --> 02:48.560 align:start position:0%
moving through time. So in spacetime,
 

02:48.560 --> 02:51.670 align:start position:0%
moving through time. So in spacetime,
its<00:02:48.959><c> world</c><00:02:49.280><c> line</c><00:02:49.680><c> is</c><00:02:50.319><c> vertical.</c><00:02:51.280><c> If</c><00:02:51.519><c> it's</c>

02:51.670 --> 02:51.680 align:start position:0%
its world line is vertical. If it's
 

02:51.680 --> 02:53.190 align:start position:0%
its world line is vertical. If it's
moving<00:02:51.920><c> at</c><00:02:52.080><c> a</c><00:02:52.160><c> constant</c><00:02:52.480><c> velocity</c><00:02:52.879><c> through</c>

02:53.190 --> 02:53.200 align:start position:0%
moving at a constant velocity through
 

02:53.200 --> 02:56.150 align:start position:0%
moving at a constant velocity through
space,<00:02:53.760><c> its</c><00:02:54.080><c> world</c><00:02:54.400><c> line</c><00:02:54.640><c> is</c><00:02:55.040><c> slanted.</c><00:02:55.840><c> The</c>

02:56.150 --> 02:56.160 align:start position:0%
space, its world line is slanted. The
 

02:56.160 --> 02:58.869 align:start position:0%
space, its world line is slanted. The
faster<00:02:56.560><c> it</c><00:02:56.800><c> moves,</c><00:02:57.200><c> the</c><00:02:57.360><c> more</c><00:02:57.519><c> it</c><00:02:57.840><c> tilts</c><00:02:58.640><c> with</c>

02:58.869 --> 02:58.879 align:start position:0%
faster it moves, the more it tilts with
 

02:58.879 --> 03:00.949 align:start position:0%
faster it moves, the more it tilts with
the<00:02:59.120><c> maximum</c><00:02:59.599><c> tilt</c><00:03:00.000><c> corresponding</c><00:03:00.480><c> to</c><00:03:00.720><c> that</c>

03:00.949 --> 03:00.959 align:start position:0%
the maximum tilt corresponding to that
 

03:00.959 --> 03:03.030 align:start position:0%
the maximum tilt corresponding to that
of<00:03:01.120><c> light.</c><00:03:01.680><c> Now</c><00:03:01.840><c> we</c><00:03:02.080><c> will</c><00:03:02.400><c> conveniently</c>

03:03.030 --> 03:03.040 align:start position:0%
of light. Now we will conveniently
 

03:03.040 --> 03:05.350 align:start position:0%
of light. Now we will conveniently
choose<00:03:03.360><c> units</c><00:03:03.760><c> like</c><00:03:04.159><c> light</c><00:03:04.480><c> years</c><00:03:04.800><c> for</c><00:03:05.040><c> space</c>

03:05.350 --> 03:05.360 align:start position:0%
choose units like light years for space
 

03:05.360 --> 03:08.309 align:start position:0%
choose units like light years for space
and<00:03:05.760><c> years</c><00:03:06.239><c> for</c><00:03:06.560><c> time</c><00:03:06.959><c> or</c><00:03:07.280><c> light</c><00:03:07.599><c> seconds</c><00:03:07.920><c> and</c>

03:08.309 --> 03:08.319 align:start position:0%
and years for time or light seconds and
 

03:08.319 --> 03:10.790 align:start position:0%
and years for time or light seconds and
seconds.<00:03:09.200><c> That</c><00:03:09.360><c> way</c><00:03:09.680><c> this</c><00:03:09.920><c> maximum</c><00:03:10.400><c> angle</c>

03:10.790 --> 03:10.800 align:start position:0%
seconds. That way this maximum angle
 

03:10.800 --> 03:13.830 align:start position:0%
seconds. That way this maximum angle
always<00:03:11.120><c> turns</c><00:03:11.360><c> out</c><00:03:11.519><c> to</c><00:03:11.760><c> be</c><00:03:12.000><c> 45°.</c><00:03:13.360><c> It's</c><00:03:13.599><c> just</c>

03:13.830 --> 03:13.840 align:start position:0%
always turns out to be 45°. It's just
 

03:13.840 --> 03:16.550 align:start position:0%
always turns out to be 45°. It's just
nice.<00:03:14.800><c> So</c><00:03:15.040><c> this</c><00:03:15.200><c> means</c><00:03:15.519><c> all</c><00:03:15.840><c> physical</c><00:03:16.239><c> world</c>

03:16.550 --> 03:16.560 align:start position:0%
nice. So this means all physical world
 

03:16.560 --> 03:20.630 align:start position:0%
nice. So this means all physical world
lines<00:03:17.120><c> must</c><00:03:17.440><c> lie</c><00:03:17.920><c> within</c><00:03:18.400><c> this</c><00:03:18.720><c> 45°.</c>

03:20.630 --> 03:20.640 align:start position:0%
lines must lie within this 45°.
 

03:20.640 --> 03:24.229 align:start position:0%
lines must lie within this 45°.
Meaning<00:03:21.040><c> your</c><00:03:21.440><c> entire</c><00:03:22.319><c> future</c><00:03:23.200><c> is</c><00:03:23.519><c> restricted</c>

03:24.229 --> 03:24.239 align:start position:0%
Meaning your entire future is restricted
 

03:24.239 --> 03:28.790 align:start position:0%
Meaning your entire future is restricted
to<00:03:24.640><c> this</c><00:03:25.120><c> region,</c><00:03:26.159><c> your</c><00:03:26.640><c> future</c><00:03:27.360><c> light</c><00:03:27.840><c> cone.</c>

03:28.790 --> 03:28.800 align:start position:0%
to this region, your future light cone.
 

03:28.800 --> 03:30.869 align:start position:0%
to this region, your future light cone.
You<00:03:29.040><c> simply</c><00:03:29.280><c> cannot</c><00:03:29.680><c> reach</c><00:03:30.000><c> events</c><00:03:30.400><c> outside</c>

03:30.869 --> 03:30.879 align:start position:0%
You simply cannot reach events outside
 

03:30.879 --> 03:34.949 align:start position:0%
You simply cannot reach events outside
it<00:03:31.440><c> ever.</c><00:03:32.799><c> Anyways,</c><00:03:33.519><c> since</c><00:03:33.840><c> our</c><00:03:34.159><c> friend</c><00:03:34.560><c> Alice</c>

03:34.949 --> 03:34.959 align:start position:0%
it ever. Anyways, since our friend Alice
 

03:34.959 --> 03:37.589 align:start position:0%
it ever. Anyways, since our friend Alice
is<00:03:35.200><c> accelerating,</c><00:03:36.239><c> what</c><00:03:36.480><c> does</c><00:03:36.879><c> her</c><00:03:37.360><c> world</c>

03:37.589 --> 03:37.599 align:start position:0%
is accelerating, what does her world
 

03:37.599 --> 03:40.390 align:start position:0%
is accelerating, what does her world
line<00:03:38.319><c> look</c><00:03:38.640><c> like?</c>

03:40.390 --> 03:40.400 align:start position:0%
line look like?
 

03:40.400 --> 03:43.270 align:start position:0%
line look like?
Well,<00:03:40.959><c> when</c><00:03:41.280><c> she's</c><00:03:41.599><c> at</c><00:03:41.840><c> rest,</c><00:03:42.400><c> her</c><00:03:42.720><c> world</c><00:03:42.959><c> line</c>

03:43.270 --> 03:43.280 align:start position:0%
Well, when she's at rest, her world line
 

03:43.280 --> 03:46.390 align:start position:0%
Well, when she's at rest, her world line
starts<00:03:43.840><c> vertically.</c><00:03:44.879><c> Then</c><00:03:45.200><c> she</c><00:03:45.440><c> accelerates,</c>

03:46.390 --> 03:46.400 align:start position:0%
starts vertically. Then she accelerates,
 

03:46.400 --> 03:48.550 align:start position:0%
starts vertically. Then she accelerates,
so<00:03:46.640><c> her</c><00:03:46.879><c> velocity</c><00:03:47.440><c> keeps</c><00:03:47.840><c> increasing,</c>

03:48.550 --> 03:48.560 align:start position:0%
so her velocity keeps increasing,
 

03:48.560 --> 03:52.070 align:start position:0%
so her velocity keeps increasing,
meaning<00:03:48.879><c> her</c><00:03:49.200><c> world</c><00:03:49.440><c> line</c><00:03:50.080><c> gets</c><00:03:50.640><c> curved.</c><00:03:51.760><c> But</c>

03:52.070 --> 03:52.080 align:start position:0%
meaning her world line gets curved. But
 

03:52.080 --> 03:54.229 align:start position:0%
meaning her world line gets curved. But
remember,<00:03:52.640><c> even</c><00:03:52.799><c> if</c><00:03:53.040><c> she</c><00:03:53.200><c> were</c><00:03:53.360><c> to</c><00:03:53.599><c> accelerate</c>

03:54.229 --> 03:54.239 align:start position:0%
remember, even if she were to accelerate
 

03:54.239 --> 03:57.030 align:start position:0%
remember, even if she were to accelerate
forever,<00:03:55.280><c> according</c><00:03:55.680><c> to</c><00:03:55.840><c> relativity,</c><00:03:56.720><c> it</c>

03:57.030 --> 03:57.040 align:start position:0%
forever, according to relativity, it
 

03:57.040 --> 03:59.670 align:start position:0%
forever, according to relativity, it
will<00:03:57.200><c> take</c><00:03:57.360><c> her</c><00:03:57.680><c> an</c><00:03:58.159><c> infinite</c><00:03:58.799><c> amount</c><00:03:59.120><c> of</c><00:03:59.360><c> time</c>

03:59.670 --> 03:59.680 align:start position:0%
will take her an infinite amount of time
 

03:59.680 --> 04:02.149 align:start position:0%
will take her an infinite amount of time
to<00:04:00.000><c> reach</c><00:04:00.239><c> the</c><00:04:00.400><c> speed</c><00:04:00.560><c> of</c><00:04:00.720><c> light.</c><00:04:01.680><c> This</c><00:04:01.920><c> means</c>

04:02.149 --> 04:02.159 align:start position:0%
to reach the speed of light. This means
 

04:02.159 --> 04:05.429 align:start position:0%
to reach the speed of light. This means
her<00:04:02.560><c> world</c><00:04:02.879><c> line</c><00:04:03.200><c> will</c><00:04:03.680><c> curve</c><00:04:04.560><c> closer</c><00:04:05.040><c> and</c>

04:05.429 --> 04:05.439 align:start position:0%
her world line will curve closer and
 

04:05.439 --> 04:08.309 align:start position:0%
her world line will curve closer and
closer<00:04:05.760><c> to</c><00:04:05.920><c> that</c><00:04:06.159><c> 45°,</c><00:04:07.280><c> but</c><00:04:07.519><c> it</c><00:04:07.760><c> will</c><00:04:07.920><c> take</c><00:04:08.080><c> an</c>

04:08.309 --> 04:08.319 align:start position:0%
closer to that 45°, but it will take an
 

04:08.319 --> 04:10.149 align:start position:0%
closer to that 45°, but it will take an
infinite<00:04:08.799><c> amount</c><00:04:09.040><c> of</c><00:04:09.200><c> time</c><00:04:09.360><c> to</c><00:04:09.680><c> actually</c>

04:10.149 --> 04:10.159 align:start position:0%
infinite amount of time to actually
 

04:10.159 --> 04:12.710 align:start position:0%
infinite amount of time to actually
reach<00:04:11.040><c> 45°.</c>

04:12.710 --> 04:12.720 align:start position:0%
reach 45°.
 

04:12.720 --> 04:15.750 align:start position:0%
reach 45°.
In<00:04:12.959><c> other</c><00:04:13.200><c> words,</c><00:04:14.159><c> it</c><00:04:14.400><c> will</c><00:04:14.560><c> get</c><00:04:14.879><c> closer</c><00:04:15.360><c> and</c>

04:15.750 --> 04:15.760 align:start position:0%
In other words, it will get closer and
 

04:15.760 --> 04:19.030 align:start position:0%
In other words, it will get closer and
closer<00:04:16.160><c> to</c><00:04:16.400><c> this</c><00:04:16.639><c> 45°</c><00:04:17.519><c> line,</c><00:04:18.400><c> but</c><00:04:18.639><c> it</c><00:04:18.799><c> will</c>

04:19.030 --> 04:19.040 align:start position:0%
closer to this 45° line, but it will
 

04:19.040 --> 04:22.550 align:start position:0%
closer to this 45° line, but it will
only<00:04:19.359><c> touch</c><00:04:19.600><c> it</c><00:04:20.079><c> at</c><00:04:20.560><c> infinity.</c><00:04:21.840><c> So,</c><00:04:22.079><c> the</c><00:04:22.320><c> world</c>

04:22.550 --> 04:22.560 align:start position:0%
only touch it at infinity. So, the world
 

04:22.560 --> 04:27.110 align:start position:0%
only touch it at infinity. So, the world
line<00:04:22.960><c> becomes</c><00:04:23.360><c> a</c><00:04:23.600><c> hyperola</c><00:04:24.720><c> with</c><00:04:24.960><c> this</c><00:04:25.199><c> 45°</c><00:04:26.320><c> as</c>

04:27.110 --> 04:27.120 align:start position:0%
line becomes a hyperola with this 45° as
 

04:27.120 --> 04:29.909 align:start position:0%
line becomes a hyperola with this 45° as
meaning<00:04:27.759><c> a</c><00:04:28.000><c> line</c><00:04:28.320><c> that</c><00:04:28.720><c> touches</c><00:04:29.199><c> it</c><00:04:29.600><c> at</c>

04:29.909 --> 04:29.919 align:start position:0%
meaning a line that touches it at
 

04:29.919 --> 04:34.150 align:start position:0%
meaning a line that touches it at
infinity.<00:04:31.120><c> But</c><00:04:31.360><c> wait,</c><00:04:32.080><c> a</c><00:04:32.320><c> 45°</c><00:04:33.199><c> line</c><00:04:33.520><c> is</c><00:04:33.840><c> also</c>

04:34.150 --> 04:34.160 align:start position:0%
infinity. But wait, a 45° line is also
 

04:34.160 --> 04:37.189 align:start position:0%
infinity. But wait, a 45° line is also
the<00:04:34.479><c> world</c><00:04:34.800><c> line</c><00:04:35.120><c> of</c><00:04:35.440><c> light.</c><00:04:36.560><c> So</c><00:04:36.800><c> this</c><00:04:37.040><c> means</c>

04:37.189 --> 04:37.199 align:start position:0%
the world line of light. So this means
 

04:37.199 --> 04:39.590 align:start position:0%
the world line of light. So this means
if<00:04:37.440><c> a</c><00:04:37.680><c> flash</c><00:04:38.000><c> of</c><00:04:38.240><c> light</c><00:04:38.560><c> were</c><00:04:38.880><c> to</c><00:04:39.040><c> start</c>

04:39.590 --> 04:39.600 align:start position:0%
if a flash of light were to start
 

04:39.600 --> 04:41.990 align:start position:0%
if a flash of light were to start
anywhere<00:04:40.160><c> in</c><00:04:40.479><c> this</c><00:04:40.800><c> region,</c><00:04:41.520><c> it</c><00:04:41.759><c> will</c>

04:41.990 --> 04:42.000 align:start position:0%
anywhere in this region, it will
 

04:42.000 --> 04:44.710 align:start position:0%
anywhere in this region, it will
eventually<00:04:42.479><c> reach</c><00:04:42.720><c> her.</c><00:04:43.520><c> But</c><00:04:43.759><c> if</c><00:04:44.000><c> it</c><00:04:44.240><c> starts</c>

04:44.710 --> 04:44.720 align:start position:0%
eventually reach her. But if it starts
 

04:44.720 --> 04:47.990 align:start position:0%
eventually reach her. But if it starts
exactly<00:04:45.440><c> here,</c><00:04:46.639><c> that</c><00:04:46.960><c> light</c><00:04:47.280><c> would</c><00:04:47.440><c> take</c><00:04:47.680><c> an</c>

04:47.990 --> 04:48.000 align:start position:0%
exactly here, that light would take an
 

04:48.000 --> 04:50.469 align:start position:0%
exactly here, that light would take an
infinite<00:04:48.479><c> amount</c><00:04:48.720><c> of</c><00:04:48.880><c> time</c><00:04:49.120><c> to</c><00:04:49.280><c> reach</c><00:04:49.600><c> her.</c>

04:50.469 --> 04:50.479 align:start position:0%
infinite amount of time to reach her.
 

04:50.479 --> 04:53.990 align:start position:0%
infinite amount of time to reach her.
Which<00:04:50.639><c> means</c><00:04:51.280><c> if</c><00:04:51.600><c> the</c><00:04:52.000><c> flash</c><00:04:52.479><c> starts</c><00:04:53.199><c> anywhere</c>

04:53.990 --> 04:54.000 align:start position:0%
Which means if the flash starts anywhere
 

04:54.000 --> 04:58.310 align:start position:0%
Which means if the flash starts anywhere
behind<00:04:54.639><c> this</c><00:04:54.960><c> line,</c><00:04:55.840><c> it</c><00:04:56.160><c> would</c><00:04:56.800><c> never</c><00:04:58.080><c> reach</c>

04:58.310 --> 04:58.320 align:start position:0%
behind this line, it would never reach
 

04:58.320 --> 05:00.629 align:start position:0%
behind this line, it would never reach
her.

05:00.629 --> 05:00.639 align:start position:0%
her.
 

05:00.639 --> 05:02.790 align:start position:0%
her.
So<00:05:00.880><c> think</c><00:05:01.120><c> about</c><00:05:01.280><c> what</c><00:05:01.440><c> this</c><00:05:01.680><c> means.</c><00:05:02.400><c> As</c><00:05:02.639><c> long</c>

05:02.790 --> 05:02.800 align:start position:0%
So think about what this means. As long
 

05:02.800 --> 05:05.430 align:start position:0%
So think about what this means. As long
as<00:05:02.960><c> she's</c><00:05:03.280><c> constantly</c><00:05:03.840><c> accelerating,</c><00:05:05.120><c> even</c>

05:05.430 --> 05:05.440 align:start position:0%
as she's constantly accelerating, even
 

05:05.440 --> 05:07.749 align:start position:0%
as she's constantly accelerating, even
though<00:05:06.000><c> she</c><00:05:06.320><c> will</c><00:05:06.560><c> never</c><00:05:06.880><c> reach</c><00:05:07.199><c> the</c><00:05:07.360><c> speed</c><00:05:07.600><c> of</c>

05:07.749 --> 05:07.759 align:start position:0%
though she will never reach the speed of
 

05:07.759 --> 05:09.830 align:start position:0%
though she will never reach the speed of
light,<00:05:08.160><c> her</c><00:05:08.320><c> speed</c><00:05:08.639><c> will</c><00:05:08.960><c> always</c><00:05:09.360><c> be</c><00:05:09.520><c> slower</c>

05:09.830 --> 05:09.840 align:start position:0%
light, her speed will always be slower
 

05:09.840 --> 05:13.510 align:start position:0%
light, her speed will always be slower
than<00:05:09.919><c> that</c><00:05:10.160><c> of</c><00:05:10.320><c> light,</c><00:05:11.120><c> she</c><00:05:11.600><c> can</c><00:05:12.240><c> outrun</c><00:05:12.800><c> it,</c>

05:13.510 --> 05:13.520 align:start position:0%
than that of light, she can outrun it,
 

05:13.520 --> 05:15.909 align:start position:0%
than that of light, she can outrun it,
provided<00:05:13.919><c> that</c><00:05:14.160><c> light</c><00:05:14.479><c> ray</c><00:05:14.800><c> starts</c><00:05:15.199><c> from</c><00:05:15.600><c> far</c>

05:15.909 --> 05:15.919 align:start position:0%
provided that light ray starts from far
 

05:15.919 --> 05:18.629 align:start position:0%
provided that light ray starts from far
back<00:05:16.400><c> enough.</c><00:05:17.759><c> But</c><00:05:18.080><c> Rindler</c><00:05:18.333><c> [clears throat]</c>

05:18.629 --> 05:18.639 align:start position:0%
back enough. But Rindler [clears throat]
 

05:18.639 --> 05:21.110 align:start position:0%
back enough. But Rindler [clears throat]
says<00:05:18.880><c> it's</c><00:05:19.199><c> not</c><00:05:19.440><c> just</c><00:05:19.680><c> about</c><00:05:20.000><c> light.</c><00:05:20.800><c> It</c>

05:21.110 --> 05:21.120 align:start position:0%
says it's not just about light. It
 

05:21.120 --> 05:24.230 align:start position:0%
says it's not just about light. It
reveals<00:05:21.520><c> something</c><00:05:22.000><c> much</c><00:05:22.400><c> deeper.</c><00:05:23.440><c> If</c><00:05:23.840><c> Bob,</c>

05:24.230 --> 05:24.240 align:start position:0%
reveals something much deeper. If Bob,
 

05:24.240 --> 05:26.870 align:start position:0%
reveals something much deeper. If Bob,
for<00:05:24.400><c> example,</c><00:05:24.800><c> was</c><00:05:25.039><c> outside</c><00:05:25.440><c> this</c><00:05:25.759><c> region,</c><00:05:26.560><c> he</c>

05:26.870 --> 05:26.880 align:start position:0%
for example, was outside this region, he
 

05:26.880 --> 05:29.430 align:start position:0%
for example, was outside this region, he
can<00:05:27.120><c> always</c><00:05:27.840><c> catch</c><00:05:28.080><c> up</c><00:05:28.320><c> with</c><00:05:28.479><c> Alice</c><00:05:29.039><c> because</c>

05:29.430 --> 05:29.440 align:start position:0%
can always catch up with Alice because
 

05:29.440 --> 05:31.749 align:start position:0%
can always catch up with Alice because
Alice's<00:05:29.919><c> world</c><00:05:30.240><c> line</c><00:05:30.479><c> is</c><00:05:30.800><c> part</c><00:05:31.199><c> of</c><00:05:31.440><c> his</c>

05:31.749 --> 05:31.759 align:start position:0%
Alice's world line is part of his
 

05:31.759 --> 05:35.909 align:start position:0%
Alice's world line is part of his
future.<00:05:32.800><c> But</c><00:05:33.039><c> once</c><00:05:33.520><c> he</c><00:05:33.840><c> enters</c><00:05:34.560><c> this</c><00:05:34.960><c> region,</c>

05:35.909 --> 05:35.919 align:start position:0%
future. But once he enters this region,
 

05:35.919 --> 05:38.950 align:start position:0%
future. But once he enters this region,
it'll<00:05:36.320><c> be</c><00:05:36.560><c> impossible</c><00:05:37.360><c> for</c><00:05:37.680><c> him</c><00:05:37.840><c> to</c><00:05:38.080><c> reach</c><00:05:38.320><c> her</c>

05:38.950 --> 05:38.960 align:start position:0%
it'll be impossible for him to reach her
 

05:38.960 --> 05:41.029 align:start position:0%
it'll be impossible for him to reach her
because<00:05:39.280><c> it'll</c><00:05:39.600><c> be</c><00:05:39.759><c> impossible</c><00:05:40.320><c> for</c><00:05:40.560><c> him</c><00:05:40.800><c> to</c>

05:41.029 --> 05:41.039 align:start position:0%
because it'll be impossible for him to
 

05:41.039 --> 05:45.110 align:start position:0%
because it'll be impossible for him to
escape<00:05:41.440><c> it.</c><00:05:42.479><c> Holy</c><00:05:43.440><c> smokes.</c><00:05:44.479><c> This</c><00:05:44.880><c> is</c>

05:45.110 --> 05:45.120 align:start position:0%
escape it. Holy smokes. This is
 

05:45.120 --> 05:46.870 align:start position:0%
escape it. Holy smokes. This is
beginning<00:05:45.520><c> to</c><00:05:45.840><c> sound</c><00:05:46.080><c> like</c><00:05:46.240><c> the</c><00:05:46.479><c> event</c>

05:46.870 --> 05:46.880 align:start position:0%
beginning to sound like the event
 

05:46.880 --> 05:49.909 align:start position:0%
beginning to sound like the event
horizon<00:05:47.280><c> of</c><00:05:47.520><c> a</c><00:05:47.680><c> black</c><00:05:47.919><c> hole.</c>

05:49.909 --> 05:49.919 align:start position:0%
horizon of a black hole.
 

05:49.919 --> 05:53.029 align:start position:0%
horizon of a black hole.
But<00:05:50.160><c> Rener,</c><00:05:50.800><c> that's</c><00:05:51.120><c> crazy.</c><00:05:52.080><c> This</c><00:05:52.320><c> is</c><00:05:52.560><c> flat</c>

05:53.029 --> 05:53.039 align:start position:0%
But Rener, that's crazy. This is flat
 

05:53.039 --> 05:54.870 align:start position:0%
But Rener, that's crazy. This is flat
spacetime.<00:05:53.759><c> There's</c><00:05:54.080><c> no</c><00:05:54.240><c> gravity.</c><00:05:54.720><c> There's</c>

05:54.870 --> 05:54.880 align:start position:0%
spacetime. There's no gravity. There's
 

05:54.880 --> 05:58.390 align:start position:0%
spacetime. There's no gravity. There's
no<00:05:55.039><c> mass</c><00:05:55.360><c> anywhere.</c><00:05:56.240><c> And</c><00:05:56.479><c> Rner</c><00:05:56.960><c> says</c><00:05:57.280><c> exactly.</c>

05:58.390 --> 05:58.400 align:start position:0%
no mass anywhere. And Rner says exactly.
 

05:58.400 --> 06:01.430 align:start position:0%
no mass anywhere. And Rner says exactly.
Apparently,<00:05:59.280><c> just</c><00:05:59.520><c> the</c><00:05:59.759><c> act</c><00:06:00.000><c> of</c><00:06:00.320><c> accelerating</c>

06:01.430 --> 06:01.440 align:start position:0%
Apparently, just the act of accelerating
 

06:01.440 --> 06:04.629 align:start position:0%
Apparently, just the act of accelerating
can<00:06:02.000><c> leave</c><00:06:02.320><c> behind</c><00:06:02.720><c> a</c><00:06:02.960><c> patch</c><00:06:03.199><c> of</c><00:06:03.360><c> spaceime</c>

06:04.629 --> 06:04.639 align:start position:0%
can leave behind a patch of spaceime
 

06:04.639 --> 06:06.629 align:start position:0%
can leave behind a patch of spaceime
which<00:06:05.039><c> cannot</c><00:06:05.440><c> influence</c><00:06:05.919><c> you</c><00:06:06.080><c> anymore.</c>

06:06.629 --> 06:06.639 align:start position:0%
which cannot influence you anymore.
 

06:06.639 --> 06:08.710 align:start position:0%
which cannot influence you anymore.
Signals<00:06:07.120><c> from</c><00:06:07.280><c> there</c><00:06:07.520><c> can</c><00:06:07.840><c> never</c><00:06:08.240><c> influence</c>

06:08.710 --> 06:08.720 align:start position:0%
Signals from there can never influence
 

06:08.720 --> 06:12.550 align:start position:0%
Signals from there can never influence
you.<00:06:09.680><c> He</c><00:06:10.080><c> calls</c><00:06:10.400><c> that</c><00:06:10.639><c> patch</c><00:06:10.880><c> of</c><00:06:11.120><c> spaceime</c><00:06:12.160><c> the</c>

06:12.550 --> 06:12.560 align:start position:0%
you. He calls that patch of spaceime the
 

06:12.560 --> 06:15.270 align:start position:0%
you. He calls that patch of spaceime the
horizon.<00:06:13.520><c> And</c><00:06:13.680><c> of</c><00:06:13.840><c> course,</c><00:06:14.080><c> we</c><00:06:14.319><c> will</c><00:06:14.560><c> call</c><00:06:14.720><c> it</c>

06:15.270 --> 06:15.280 align:start position:0%
horizon. And of course, we will call it
 

06:15.280 --> 06:18.950 align:start position:0%
horizon. And of course, we will call it
the<00:06:15.600><c> RNL's</c><00:06:16.319><c> horizon.</c><00:06:17.759><c> I</c><00:06:18.080><c> absolutely</c><00:06:18.639><c> love</c><00:06:18.800><c> it</c>

06:18.950 --> 06:18.960 align:start position:0%
the RNL's horizon. I absolutely love it
 

06:18.960 --> 06:21.110 align:start position:0%
the RNL's horizon. I absolutely love it
when<00:06:19.199><c> we</c><00:06:19.440><c> start</c><00:06:19.680><c> with</c><00:06:19.919><c> a</c><00:06:20.240><c> seemingly</c><00:06:20.800><c> simple</c>

06:21.110 --> 06:21.120 align:start position:0%
when we start with a seemingly simple
 

06:21.120 --> 06:23.749 align:start position:0%
when we start with a seemingly simple
question<00:06:21.600><c> and</c><00:06:21.840><c> then</c><00:06:22.160><c> dig</c><00:06:22.479><c> deeper</c><00:06:22.880><c> and</c><00:06:23.360><c> end</c><00:06:23.600><c> up</c>

06:23.749 --> 06:23.759 align:start position:0%
question and then dig deeper and end up
 

06:23.759 --> 06:26.390 align:start position:0%
question and then dig deeper and end up
with<00:06:23.919><c> something</c><00:06:24.400><c> so</c><00:06:24.880><c> profound.</c><00:06:26.000><c> And</c><00:06:26.160><c> that's</c>

06:24.229 --> 06:26.939 align:start position:0%
25% off for your first payment. All
right,<00:08:09.840><c> back</c><00:08:10.080><c> to</c><00:08:10.240><c> the</c><00:08:10.479><c> video.</c><00:08:11.199><c> Rener's</c>

06:26.939 --> 06:26.949 align:start position:0%
right, back to the video. Rener's
 

06:26.949 --> 06:29.340 align:start position:0%
right, back to the video. Rener's
horizon<00:08:12.240><c> sounds</c><00:08:12.720><c> awesome.</c><00:08:13.440><c> But</c><00:08:13.599><c> I</c><00:08:13.840><c> have</c><00:08:13.919><c> a</c>

06:29.340 --> 06:29.350 align:start position:0%
horizon sounds awesome. But I have a
 

06:29.350 --> 06:31.900 align:start position:0%
horizon sounds awesome. But I have a
question,<00:08:14.639><c> Rener.</c><00:08:15.520><c> This</c><00:08:15.840><c> horizon</c><00:08:16.400><c> only</c>

06:31.900 --> 06:31.910 align:start position:0%
question, Rener. This horizon only
 

06:31.910 --> 06:33.980 align:start position:0%
question, Rener. This horizon only
exists<00:08:17.120><c> for</c><00:08:17.360><c> Alice</c><00:08:17.840><c> because</c><00:08:18.240><c> she</c><00:08:18.560><c> is</c>

06:33.980 --> 06:33.990 align:start position:0%
exists for Alice because she is
 

06:33.990 --> 06:37.580 align:start position:0%
exists for Alice because she is
accelerating,<00:08:19.759><c> right?</c><00:08:20.720><c> Yeah.</c><00:08:21.520><c> And</c><00:08:21.759><c> if</c><00:08:22.080><c> she</c>

06:37.580 --> 06:37.590 align:start position:0%
accelerating, right? Yeah. And if she
 

06:37.590 --> 06:39.180 align:start position:0%
accelerating, right? Yeah. And if she
stops<00:08:22.720><c> accelerating,</c><00:08:23.520><c> light</c><00:08:23.759><c> from</c>

06:39.180 --> 06:39.190 align:start position:0%
stops accelerating, light from
 

06:39.190 --> 06:41.260 align:start position:0%
stops accelerating, light from
everywhere<00:08:24.400><c> can</c><00:08:24.639><c> now</c><00:08:24.800><c> reach</c><00:08:25.120><c> her</c><00:08:25.440><c> and</c><00:08:25.680><c> so</c><00:08:25.840><c> the</c>

06:41.260 --> 06:41.270 align:start position:0%
everywhere can now reach her and so the
 

06:41.270 --> 06:45.819 align:start position:0%
everywhere can now reach her and so the
horizon<00:08:26.639><c> disappears,</c><00:08:27.680><c> right?</c><00:08:28.879><c> Yes.</c><00:08:29.919><c> Okay.</c>

06:45.819 --> 06:45.829 align:start position:0%
horizon disappears, right? Yes. Okay.
 

06:45.829 --> 06:48.219 align:start position:0%
horizon disappears, right? Yes. Okay.
This<00:08:31.039><c> horizon</c><00:08:31.840><c> is</c><00:08:32.159><c> starting</c><00:08:32.399><c> to</c><00:08:32.560><c> sound</c><00:08:32.800><c> pretty</c>

06:48.219 --> 06:48.229 align:start position:0%
This horizon is starting to sound pretty
 

06:48.229 --> 06:50.380 align:start position:0%
This horizon is starting to sound pretty
fake<00:08:33.279><c> to</c><00:08:33.440><c> me.</c><00:08:34.080><c> Why</c><00:08:34.320><c> are</c><00:08:34.479><c> we</c><00:08:34.640><c> even</c><00:08:34.959><c> talking</c>

06:50.380 --> 06:50.390 align:start position:0%
fake to me. Why are we even talking
 

06:50.390 --> 06:53.820 align:start position:0%
fake to me. Why are we even talking
about<00:08:35.440><c> it?</c><00:08:36.560><c> Because</c><00:08:37.519><c> Alice</c><00:08:38.000><c> isn't</c><00:08:38.320><c> the</c><00:08:38.479><c> only</c>

06:53.820 --> 06:53.830 align:start position:0%
about it? Because Alice isn't the only
 

06:53.830 --> 06:55.899 align:start position:0%
about it? Because Alice isn't the only
one<00:08:38.800><c> who</c><00:08:39.120><c> experiences</c><00:08:39.680><c> this</c><00:08:40.000><c> particular</c>

06:55.899 --> 06:55.909 align:start position:0%
one who experiences this particular
 

06:55.909 --> 06:59.339 align:start position:0%
one who experiences this particular
horizon.<00:08:42.159><c> We</c><00:08:42.399><c> can</c><00:08:42.640><c> draw</c><00:08:42.959><c> a</c><00:08:43.360><c> family</c><00:08:43.839><c> of</c>

06:59.339 --> 06:59.349 align:start position:0%
horizon. We can draw a family of
 

06:59.349 --> 07:02.220 align:start position:0%
horizon. We can draw a family of
hyperbolic<00:08:44.880><c> world</c><00:08:45.120><c> lines</c><00:08:45.839><c> all</c><00:08:46.320><c> sharing</c><00:08:46.720><c> the</c>

07:02.220 --> 07:02.230 align:start position:0%
hyperbolic world lines all sharing the
 

07:02.230 --> 07:06.459 align:start position:0%
hyperbolic world lines all sharing the
same<00:08:47.440><c> 45°</c><00:08:48.640><c> as</c><00:08:49.839><c> meaning</c><00:08:50.240><c> they</c><00:08:50.480><c> will</c><00:08:50.640><c> all</c><00:08:51.040><c> share</c>

07:06.459 --> 07:06.469 align:start position:0%
same 45° as meaning they will all share
 

07:06.469 --> 07:08.860 align:start position:0%
same 45° as meaning they will all share
the<00:08:51.600><c> same</c><00:08:51.920><c> horizon.</c><00:08:52.800><c> Just</c><00:08:53.040><c> that</c><00:08:53.200><c> the</c><00:08:53.440><c> world</c>

07:08.860 --> 07:08.870 align:start position:0%
the same horizon. Just that the world
 

07:08.870 --> 07:11.019 align:start position:0%
the same horizon. Just that the world
lines<00:08:54.000><c> farther</c><00:08:54.399><c> away</c><00:08:54.640><c> are</c><00:08:54.880><c> wider,</c><00:08:55.519><c> meaning</c>

07:11.019 --> 07:11.029 align:start position:0%
lines farther away are wider, meaning
 

07:11.029 --> 07:12.540 align:start position:0%
lines farther away are wider, meaning
they<00:08:56.080><c> need</c><00:08:56.240><c> to</c><00:08:56.399><c> maintain</c><00:08:56.720><c> a</c><00:08:56.959><c> lower</c>

07:12.540 --> 07:12.550 align:start position:0%
they need to maintain a lower
 

07:12.550 --> 07:15.260 align:start position:0%
they need to maintain a lower
acceleration<00:08:58.240><c> and</c><00:08:58.399><c> the</c><00:08:58.560><c> world</c><00:08:58.880><c> lines</c><00:08:59.200><c> closer</c>

07:15.260 --> 07:15.270 align:start position:0%
acceleration and the world lines closer
 

07:15.270 --> 07:17.980 align:start position:0%
acceleration and the world lines closer
need<00:09:00.240><c> to</c><00:09:00.480><c> maintain</c><00:09:00.720><c> a</c><00:09:01.040><c> higher</c><00:09:01.519><c> acceleration.</c>

07:17.980 --> 07:17.990 align:start position:0%
need to maintain a higher acceleration.
 

07:17.990 --> 07:19.820 align:start position:0%
need to maintain a higher acceleration.
And<00:09:03.040><c> I</c><00:09:03.200><c> look</c><00:09:03.279><c> at</c><00:09:03.440><c> this</c><00:09:03.519><c> and</c><00:09:03.680><c> I'm</c><00:09:03.839><c> like,</c><00:09:04.000><c> "Oh</c><00:09:04.399><c> my</c>

07:19.820 --> 07:19.830 align:start position:0%
And I look at this and I'm like, "Oh my
 

07:19.830 --> 07:23.180 align:start position:0%
And I look at this and I'm like, "Oh my
god,<00:09:05.680><c> this</c><00:09:06.160><c> is</c><00:09:06.480><c> starting</c><00:09:06.800><c> to</c><00:09:07.040><c> look</c><00:09:07.519><c> very</c>

07:23.180 --> 07:23.190 align:start position:0%
god, this is starting to look very
 

07:23.190 --> 07:25.980 align:start position:0%
god, this is starting to look very
similar<00:09:08.399><c> to</c><00:09:08.560><c> a</c><00:09:08.800><c> bunch</c><00:09:08.959><c> of</c><00:09:09.040><c> observers</c><00:09:10.240><c> hovering</c>

07:25.980 --> 07:25.990 align:start position:0%
similar to a bunch of observers hovering
 

07:25.990 --> 07:29.660 align:start position:0%
similar to a bunch of observers hovering
near<00:09:11.200><c> a</c><00:09:11.519><c> black</c><00:09:11.760><c> hole."</c>

07:29.660 --> 07:29.670 align:start position:0%
near a black hole."
 

07:29.670 --> 07:33.100 align:start position:0%
near a black hole."
"Exactly,"<00:09:15.760><c> says</c><00:09:16.320><c> Rindler.</c><00:09:17.279><c> Without</c><00:09:17.600><c> looking</c>

07:33.100 --> 07:33.110 align:start position:0%
"Exactly," says Rindler. Without looking
 

07:33.110 --> 07:36.220 align:start position:0%
"Exactly," says Rindler. Without looking
outside,<00:09:18.720><c> Alice</c><00:09:19.200><c> and</c><00:09:19.360><c> her</c><00:09:19.680><c> friends</c><00:09:20.240><c> have</c><00:09:20.720><c> no</c>

07:36.220 --> 07:36.230 align:start position:0%
outside, Alice and her friends have no
 

07:36.230 --> 07:38.220 align:start position:0%
outside, Alice and her friends have no
way<00:09:21.200><c> of</c><00:09:21.440><c> telling</c><00:09:22.240><c> whether</c><00:09:22.640><c> they</c><00:09:22.880><c> are</c>

07:38.220 --> 07:38.230 align:start position:0%
way of telling whether they are
 

07:38.230 --> 07:41.260 align:start position:0%
way of telling whether they are
accelerating<00:09:23.680><c> in</c><00:09:23.839><c> an</c><00:09:24.080><c> empty</c><00:09:24.560><c> patch</c><00:09:24.880><c> of</c><00:09:25.120><c> space</c>

07:41.260 --> 07:41.270 align:start position:0%
accelerating in an empty patch of space
 

07:41.270 --> 07:44.780 align:start position:0%
accelerating in an empty patch of space
or<00:09:26.640><c> hovering</c><00:09:27.360><c> near</c><00:09:27.760><c> a</c><00:09:28.080><c> black</c><00:09:28.320><c> hole.</c><00:09:29.120><c> In</c><00:09:29.360><c> both</c>

07:44.780 --> 07:44.790 align:start position:0%
or hovering near a black hole. In both
 

07:44.790 --> 07:46.860 align:start position:0%
or hovering near a black hole. In both
cases,<00:09:30.000><c> there</c><00:09:30.160><c> is</c><00:09:30.240><c> a</c><00:09:30.480><c> horizon</c><00:09:30.880><c> behind</c><00:09:31.200><c> them.</c>

07:46.860 --> 07:46.870 align:start position:0%
cases, there is a horizon behind them.
 

07:46.870 --> 07:48.940 align:start position:0%
cases, there is a horizon behind them.
They<00:09:31.920><c> experience</c><00:09:32.320><c> a</c><00:09:32.560><c> gravity-like</c><00:09:33.279><c> force</c>

07:48.940 --> 07:48.950 align:start position:0%
They experience a gravity-like force
 

07:48.950 --> 07:51.420 align:start position:0%
They experience a gravity-like force
which<00:09:34.080><c> gets</c><00:09:34.399><c> weaker</c><00:09:34.720><c> with</c><00:09:34.959><c> distance.</c><00:09:35.920><c> So</c>

07:51.420 --> 07:51.430 align:start position:0%
which gets weaker with distance. So
 

07:51.430 --> 07:54.380 align:start position:0%
which gets weaker with distance. So
locally<00:09:36.800><c> the</c><00:09:37.120><c> physics</c><00:09:37.600><c> is</c><00:09:38.000><c> identical.</c><00:09:39.040><c> This</c>

07:54.380 --> 07:54.390 align:start position:0%
locally the physics is identical. This
 

07:54.390 --> 07:57.019 align:start position:0%
locally the physics is identical. This
is<00:09:39.360><c> the</c><00:09:39.680><c> Einstein's</c><00:09:40.320><c> equivalence</c><00:09:40.880><c> principle.</c>

07:57.019 --> 07:57.029 align:start position:0%
is the Einstein's equivalence principle.
 

07:57.029 --> 07:59.820 align:start position:0%
is the Einstein's equivalence principle.
Acceleration<00:09:42.640><c> is</c><00:09:42.959><c> indistinguishable</c><00:09:44.000><c> from</c>

07:59.820 --> 07:59.830 align:start position:0%
Acceleration is indistinguishable from
 

07:59.830 --> 08:02.380 align:start position:0%
Acceleration is indistinguishable from
gravity.<00:09:45.839><c> Which</c><00:09:46.080><c> means</c><00:09:46.320><c> even</c><00:09:46.560><c> though</c><00:09:46.959><c> render</c>

08:02.380 --> 08:02.390 align:start position:0%
gravity. Which means even though render
 

08:02.390 --> 08:05.019 align:start position:0%
gravity. Which means even though render
the<00:09:47.440><c> horizons</c><00:09:48.080><c> seem</c><00:09:48.399><c> fake,</c><00:09:49.040><c> they</c><00:09:49.360><c> are</c><00:09:49.519><c> pretty</c>

08:05.019 --> 08:05.029 align:start position:0%
the horizons seem fake, they are pretty
 

08:05.029 --> 08:07.260 align:start position:0%
the horizons seem fake, they are pretty
intuitive.<00:09:50.640><c> And</c><00:09:50.800><c> more</c><00:09:51.040><c> importantly,</c><00:09:51.760><c> the</c>

08:07.260 --> 08:07.270 align:start position:0%
intuitive. And more importantly, the
 

08:07.270 --> 08:10.940 align:start position:0%
intuitive. And more importantly, the
physics<00:09:52.720><c> carries</c><00:09:53.120><c> over</c><00:09:53.440><c> to</c><00:09:53.920><c> real</c><00:09:54.560><c> black</c><00:09:54.880><c> holes</c>

08:10.940 --> 08:10.950 align:start position:0%
physics carries over to real black holes
 

08:10.950 --> 08:13.019 align:start position:0%
physics carries over to real black holes
in<00:09:56.000><c> curved</c><00:09:56.399><c> spacetime</c><00:09:57.040><c> which</c><00:09:57.279><c> is</c><00:09:57.440><c> anything</c>

08:13.019 --> 08:13.029 align:start position:0%
in curved spacetime which is anything
 

08:13.029 --> 08:16.139 align:start position:0%
in curved spacetime which is anything
but<00:09:58.240><c> intuitive.</c><00:09:59.440><c> This</c><00:09:59.839><c> is</c><00:10:00.080><c> the</c><00:10:00.320><c> strategy.</c>

08:16.139 --> 08:16.149 align:start position:0%
but intuitive. This is the strategy.
 

08:16.149 --> 08:19.100 align:start position:0%
but intuitive. This is the strategy.
This<00:10:01.279><c> is</c><00:10:01.519><c> how</c><00:10:01.839><c> we</c><00:10:02.160><c> can</c><00:10:02.480><c> rediscover</c><00:10:03.120><c> the</c><00:10:03.440><c> entire</c>

08:19.100 --> 08:19.110 align:start position:0%
This is how we can rediscover the entire
 

08:19.110 --> 08:21.340 align:start position:0%
This is how we can rediscover the entire
physics<00:10:04.240><c> of</c><00:10:04.480><c> black</c><00:10:04.720><c> holes</c><00:10:05.279><c> without</c><00:10:05.680><c> having</c><00:10:05.920><c> to</c>

08:21.340 --> 08:21.350 align:start position:0%
physics of black holes without having to
 

08:21.350 --> 08:23.900 align:start position:0%
physics of black holes without having to
touch<00:10:06.480><c> messy</c><00:10:07.040><c> equations.</c>

08:23.900 --> 08:23.910 align:start position:0%
touch messy equations.
 

08:23.910 --> 08:28.860 align:start position:0%
touch messy equations.
Rener,<00:10:09.519><c> you</c><00:10:09.839><c> beauty,</c><00:10:10.640><c> take</c><00:10:10.880><c> a</c><00:10:11.040><c> bow.</c>

08:28.860 --> 08:28.870 align:start position:0%
Rener, you beauty, take a bow.
 

08:28.870 --> 08:30.620 align:start position:0%
Rener, you beauty, take a bow.
But<00:10:13.920><c> wait,</c>

08:30.620 --> 08:30.630 align:start position:0%
But wait,
 

08:30.630 --> 08:32.940 align:start position:0%
But wait,
there<00:10:15.680><c> is</c><00:10:15.839><c> a</c><00:10:16.079><c> problem.</c>

08:32.940 --> 08:32.950 align:start position:0%
there is a problem.
 

08:32.950 --> 08:35.579 align:start position:0%
there is a problem.
If<00:10:18.240><c> they</c><00:10:18.480><c> were</c><00:10:18.720><c> all</c><00:10:19.040><c> hovering</c><00:10:19.519><c> near</c><00:10:19.760><c> a</c><00:10:20.079><c> real</c>

08:35.579 --> 08:35.589 align:start position:0%
If they were all hovering near a real
 

08:35.589 --> 08:37.980 align:start position:0%
If they were all hovering near a real
black<00:10:20.640><c> hole,</c><00:10:21.360><c> then</c><00:10:21.680><c> Alice,</c><00:10:22.240><c> the</c><00:10:22.480><c> event</c>

08:37.980 --> 08:37.990 align:start position:0%
black hole, then Alice, the event
 

08:37.990 --> 08:40.540 align:start position:0%
black hole, then Alice, the event
horizon,<00:10:23.360><c> and</c><00:10:23.680><c> all</c><00:10:24.000><c> her</c><00:10:24.320><c> friends</c><00:10:24.800><c> would</c><00:10:25.040><c> be</c><00:10:25.120><c> at</c>

08:40.540 --> 08:40.550 align:start position:0%
horizon, and all her friends would be at
 

08:40.550 --> 08:42.780 align:start position:0%
horizon, and all her friends would be at
fixed<00:10:25.839><c> distances</c><00:10:26.240><c> from</c><00:10:26.480><c> each</c><00:10:26.640><c> other,</c><00:10:26.959><c> right?</c>

08:42.780 --> 08:42.790 align:start position:0%
fixed distances from each other, right?
 

08:42.790 --> 08:45.740 align:start position:0%
fixed distances from each other, right?
Yeah.<00:10:28.480><c> But</c><00:10:28.720><c> Rimler,</c><00:10:29.279><c> look</c><00:10:29.839><c> here.</c><00:10:30.240><c> We</c><00:10:30.399><c> can</c>

08:45.740 --> 08:45.750 align:start position:0%
Yeah. But Rimler, look here. We can
 

08:45.750 --> 08:47.500 align:start position:0%
Yeah. But Rimler, look here. We can
clearly<00:10:30.880><c> see</c><00:10:31.040><c> the</c><00:10:31.279><c> horizon</c><00:10:31.760><c> and</c><00:10:31.920><c> all</c><00:10:32.079><c> her</c>

08:47.500 --> 08:47.510 align:start position:0%
clearly see the horizon and all her
 

08:47.510 --> 08:50.699 align:start position:0%
clearly see the horizon and all her
friends<00:10:32.640><c> are</c><00:10:32.959><c> getting</c><00:10:33.360><c> closer</c><00:10:33.920><c> and</c><00:10:34.320><c> closer</c><00:10:35.279><c> to</c>

08:50.699 --> 08:50.709 align:start position:0%
friends are getting closer and closer to
 

08:50.709 --> 08:53.740 align:start position:0%
friends are getting closer and closer to
each<00:10:35.760><c> other.</c><00:10:36.640><c> So</c><00:10:36.880><c> I'm</c><00:10:37.120><c> sorry</c><00:10:37.440><c> Rler</c><00:10:38.079><c> the</c><00:10:38.320><c> two</c>

08:53.740 --> 08:53.750 align:start position:0%
each other. So I'm sorry Rler the two
 

08:53.750 --> 08:58.060 align:start position:0%
each other. So I'm sorry Rler the two
situations<00:10:39.040><c> are</c><00:10:39.440><c> clearly</c><00:10:40.560><c> not</c><00:10:41.040><c> identical</c>

08:58.060 --> 08:58.070 align:start position:0%
situations are clearly not identical
 

08:58.070 --> 09:00.139 align:start position:0%
situations are clearly not identical
or<00:10:43.200><c> are</c><00:10:43.440><c> they?</c>

09:00.139 --> 09:00.149 align:start position:0%
or are they?
 

09:00.149 --> 09:02.540 align:start position:0%
or are they?
See<00:10:45.279><c> from</c><00:10:45.519><c> our</c><00:10:45.680><c> inertial</c><00:10:46.240><c> perspective</c><00:10:46.880><c> Rener</c>

09:02.540 --> 09:02.550 align:start position:0%
See from our inertial perspective Rener
 

09:02.550 --> 09:04.860 align:start position:0%
See from our inertial perspective Rener
says<00:10:47.600><c> I'm</c><00:10:47.920><c> absolutely</c><00:10:48.480><c> right.</c><00:10:49.120><c> They're</c><00:10:49.440><c> all</c>

09:04.860 --> 09:04.870 align:start position:0%
says I'm absolutely right. They're all
 

09:04.870 --> 09:07.740 align:start position:0%
says I'm absolutely right. They're all
getting<00:10:50.000><c> closer</c><00:10:50.320><c> to</c><00:10:50.560><c> each</c><00:10:50.720><c> other.</c><00:10:51.680><c> But</c><00:10:52.160><c> what's</c>

09:07.740 --> 09:07.750 align:start position:0%
getting closer to each other. But what's
 

09:07.750 --> 09:10.220 align:start position:0%
getting closer to each other. But what's
happening<00:10:53.120><c> to</c><00:10:53.360><c> the</c><00:10:53.519><c> distances</c><00:10:54.079><c> from</c><00:10:54.640><c> their</c>

09:10.220 --> 09:10.230 align:start position:0%
happening to the distances from their
 

09:10.230 --> 09:12.060 align:start position:0%
happening to the distances from their
perspective?<00:10:56.079><c> That's</c><00:10:56.320><c> important</c><00:10:56.640><c> because</c>

09:12.060 --> 09:12.070 align:start position:0%
perspective? That's important because
 

09:12.070 --> 09:14.380 align:start position:0%
perspective? That's important because
it's<00:10:57.279><c> their</c><00:10:57.680><c> horizon.</c>

09:14.380 --> 09:14.390 align:start position:0%
it's their horizon.
 

09:14.390 --> 09:18.220 align:start position:0%
it's their horizon.
Well,<00:10:59.760><c> isn't</c><00:11:00.160><c> it</c><00:11:00.399><c> the</c><00:11:00.720><c> same?</c><00:11:01.519><c> No,</c><00:11:02.000><c> says</c><00:11:02.320><c> Rler.</c>

09:18.220 --> 09:18.230 align:start position:0%
Well, isn't it the same? No, says Rler.
 

09:18.230 --> 09:19.980 align:start position:0%
Well, isn't it the same? No, says Rler.
To<00:11:03.360><c> answer</c><00:11:03.600><c> this</c><00:11:03.839><c> question,</c><00:11:04.240><c> we</c><00:11:04.480><c> need</c><00:11:04.560><c> to</c>

09:19.980 --> 09:19.990 align:start position:0%
To answer this question, we need to
 

09:19.990 --> 09:23.019 align:start position:0%
To answer this question, we need to
understand<00:11:05.200><c> how</c><00:11:05.680><c> their</c><00:11:06.160><c> simultaneity</c><00:11:06.959><c> works.</c>

09:23.019 --> 09:23.029 align:start position:0%
understand how their simultaneity works.
 

09:23.029 --> 09:26.860 align:start position:0%
understand how their simultaneity works.
Wait,<00:11:08.399><c> what's</c><00:11:08.640><c> simultinity?</c>

09:26.860 --> 09:26.870 align:start position:0%
 
 

09:26.870 --> 09:29.019 align:start position:0%
 
Somewhere<00:11:12.320><c> millions</c><00:11:12.720><c> of</c><00:11:12.880><c> light</c><00:11:13.200><c> years</c><00:11:13.440><c> away,</c>

09:29.019 --> 09:29.029 align:start position:0%
Somewhere millions of light years away,
 

09:29.029 --> 09:31.019 align:start position:0%
Somewhere millions of light years away,
aliens<00:11:14.399><c> could</c><00:11:14.640><c> have</c><00:11:14.800><c> started</c><00:11:15.120><c> their</c><00:11:15.360><c> invasion</c>

09:31.019 --> 09:31.029 align:start position:0%
aliens could have started their invasion
 

09:31.029 --> 09:33.180 align:start position:0%
aliens could have started their invasion
to<00:11:16.000><c> Earth.</c><00:11:16.720><c> But</c><00:11:16.959><c> what's</c><00:11:17.279><c> crazy</c><00:11:17.440><c> is</c><00:11:17.600><c> that</c><00:11:17.839><c> even</c>

09:33.180 --> 09:33.190 align:start position:0%
to Earth. But what's crazy is that even
 

09:33.190 --> 09:35.259 align:start position:0%
to Earth. But what's crazy is that even
though<00:11:18.160><c> that</c><00:11:18.399><c> invasion</c><00:11:18.800><c> has</c><00:11:18.959><c> started</c><00:11:19.360><c> from</c><00:11:19.680><c> my</c>

09:35.259 --> 09:35.269 align:start position:0%
though that invasion has started from my
 

09:35.269 --> 09:37.259 align:start position:0%
though that invasion has started from my
perspective,<00:11:20.880><c> from</c><00:11:21.120><c> the</c><00:11:21.279><c> perspective</c><00:11:21.680><c> of</c><00:11:21.839><c> my</c>

09:37.259 --> 09:37.269 align:start position:0%
perspective, from the perspective of my
 

09:37.269 --> 09:40.060 align:start position:0%
perspective, from the perspective of my
wife<00:11:22.399><c> who's</c><00:11:22.800><c> just</c><00:11:23.120><c> walking</c><00:11:23.600><c> right</c><00:11:23.839><c> here,</c><00:11:24.560><c> it</c>

09:40.060 --> 09:40.070 align:start position:0%
wife who's just walking right here, it
 

09:40.070 --> 09:43.100 align:start position:0%
wife who's just walking right here, it
wouldn't<00:11:25.279><c> have</c><00:11:26.320><c> for</c><00:11:26.640><c> her.</c><00:11:27.200><c> That</c><00:11:27.440><c> invasion</c>

09:43.100 --> 09:43.110 align:start position:0%
wouldn't have for her. That invasion
 

09:43.110 --> 09:44.940 align:start position:0%
wouldn't have for her. That invasion
would<00:11:28.079><c> only</c><00:11:28.320><c> happen</c><00:11:28.560><c> a</c><00:11:28.720><c> few</c><00:11:28.880><c> months</c><00:11:29.120><c> later.</c>

09:44.940 --> 09:44.950 align:start position:0%
would only happen a few months later.
 

09:44.950 --> 09:47.100 align:start position:0%
would only happen a few months later.
For<00:11:30.079><c> her,</c><00:11:31.040><c> probably</c><00:11:31.360><c> they're</c><00:11:31.680><c> still</c>

09:47.100 --> 09:47.110 align:start position:0%
For her, probably they're still
 

09:47.110 --> 09:50.060 align:start position:0%
For her, probably they're still
discussing<00:11:32.399><c> right</c><00:11:32.640><c> now.</c><00:11:33.120><c> That</c><00:11:33.440><c> sounds</c><00:11:33.680><c> crazy.</c>

09:50.060 --> 09:50.070 align:start position:0%
discussing right now. That sounds crazy.
 

09:50.070 --> 09:52.380 align:start position:0%
discussing right now. That sounds crazy.
The<00:11:35.200><c> invasion</c><00:11:35.760><c> should</c><00:11:35.920><c> either</c><00:11:36.240><c> start</c><00:11:36.560><c> or</c><00:11:36.880><c> not.</c>

09:52.380 --> 09:52.390 align:start position:0%
The invasion should either start or not.
 

09:52.390 --> 09:55.340 align:start position:0%
The invasion should either start or not.
How<00:11:37.360><c> can</c><00:11:37.519><c> both</c><00:11:37.839><c> be</c><00:11:38.079><c> true?</c><00:11:39.040><c> Well,</c><00:11:39.680><c> there's</c><00:11:39.920><c> a</c>

09:55.340 --> 09:55.350 align:start position:0%
How can both be true? Well, there's a
 

09:55.350 --> 09:57.100 align:start position:0%
How can both be true? Well, there's a
surprisingly<00:11:40.959><c> intuitive</c><00:11:41.440><c> way</c><00:11:41.600><c> to</c><00:11:41.760><c> think</c>

09:57.100 --> 09:57.110 align:start position:0%
surprisingly intuitive way to think
 

09:57.110 --> 09:59.500 align:start position:0%
surprisingly intuitive way to think
about<00:11:42.079><c> it.</c><00:11:42.959><c> Well,</c><00:11:43.279><c> it's</c><00:11:43.600><c> kind</c><00:11:43.839><c> of</c><00:11:43.920><c> like</c>

09:59.500 --> 09:59.510 align:start position:0%
about it. Well, it's kind of like
 

09:59.510 --> 10:02.300 align:start position:0%
about it. Well, it's kind of like
driving<00:11:44.800><c> and</c><00:11:45.120><c> coming</c><00:11:45.360><c> across</c><00:11:45.839><c> this</c><00:11:46.320><c> rock.</c>

10:02.300 --> 10:02.310 align:start position:0%
driving and coming across this rock.
 

10:02.310 --> 10:04.380 align:start position:0%
driving and coming across this rock.
Right<00:11:47.360><c> now,</c><00:11:47.680><c> I'm</c><00:11:47.920><c> just</c><00:11:48.160><c> passing</c><00:11:48.480><c> that</c><00:11:48.720><c> rock.</c>

10:04.380 --> 10:04.390 align:start position:0%
Right now, I'm just passing that rock.
 

10:04.390 --> 10:06.459 align:start position:0%
Right now, I'm just passing that rock.
It's<00:11:49.440><c> right</c><00:11:49.680><c> next</c><00:11:49.839><c> to</c><00:11:50.079><c> me.</c><00:11:50.480><c> So,</c><00:11:50.640><c> it's</c><00:11:50.880><c> in</c><00:11:51.120><c> my</c>

10:06.459 --> 10:06.469 align:start position:0%
It's right next to me. So, it's in my
 

10:06.469 --> 10:09.259 align:start position:0%
It's right next to me. So, it's in my
present.<00:11:52.079><c> Not</c><00:11:52.320><c> the</c><00:11:52.480><c> past,</c><00:11:53.040><c> nor</c><00:11:53.360><c> the</c><00:11:53.519><c> future,</c>

10:09.259 --> 10:09.269 align:start position:0%
present. Not the past, nor the future,
 

10:09.269 --> 10:12.220 align:start position:0%
present. Not the past, nor the future,
but<00:11:54.320><c> the</c><00:11:54.560><c> present.</c><00:11:55.440><c> But</c><00:11:55.600><c> if</c><00:11:55.839><c> my</c><00:11:56.160><c> wife</c><00:11:56.560><c> were</c>

10:12.220 --> 10:12.230 align:start position:0%
but the present. But if my wife were
 

10:12.230 --> 10:14.860 align:start position:0%
but the present. But if my wife were
driving<00:11:57.440><c> at</c><00:11:57.680><c> a</c><00:11:58.000><c> slight</c><00:11:58.320><c> angle,</c><00:11:59.120><c> she</c><00:11:59.360><c> would</c><00:11:59.519><c> be</c>

10:14.860 --> 10:14.870 align:start position:0%
driving at a slight angle, she would be
 

10:14.870 --> 10:17.259 align:start position:0%
driving at a slight angle, she would be
right<00:11:59.920><c> next</c><00:12:00.160><c> to</c><00:12:00.320><c> me.</c><00:12:00.800><c> But</c><00:12:01.040><c> look,</c><00:12:01.519><c> she</c><00:12:01.760><c> wouldn't</c>

10:17.259 --> 10:17.269 align:start position:0%
right next to me. But look, she wouldn't
 

10:17.269 --> 10:19.660 align:start position:0%
right next to me. But look, she wouldn't
have<00:12:02.240><c> passed</c><00:12:02.480><c> that</c><00:12:02.720><c> rock</c><00:12:02.959><c> yet.</c><00:12:03.600><c> It's</c><00:12:03.920><c> yet</c><00:12:04.160><c> to</c>

10:19.660 --> 10:19.670 align:start position:0%
have passed that rock yet. It's yet to
 

10:19.670 --> 10:23.579 align:start position:0%
have passed that rock yet. It's yet to
happen.<00:12:05.440><c> It's</c><00:12:05.760><c> in</c><00:12:06.000><c> her</c><00:12:06.480><c> future.</c><00:12:07.680><c> So</c><00:12:08.079><c> how</c><00:12:08.240><c> can</c>

10:23.579 --> 10:23.589 align:start position:0%
happen. It's in her future. So how can
 

10:23.589 --> 10:25.980 align:start position:0%
happen. It's in her future. So how can
the<00:12:08.639><c> rock</c><00:12:08.880><c> be</c><00:12:09.120><c> both</c><00:12:09.519><c> in</c><00:12:09.760><c> the</c><00:12:10.000><c> future</c><00:12:10.320><c> and</c><00:12:10.639><c> the</c>

10:25.980 --> 10:25.990 align:start position:0%
the rock be both in the future and the
 

10:25.990 --> 10:28.860 align:start position:0%
the rock be both in the future and the
present<00:12:11.200><c> at</c><00:12:11.440><c> the</c><00:12:11.600><c> same</c><00:12:11.839><c> time?</c>

10:28.860 --> 10:28.870 align:start position:0%
present at the same time?
 

10:28.870 --> 10:31.259 align:start position:0%
present at the same time?
Well,<00:12:14.240><c> since</c><00:12:14.560><c> we</c><00:12:14.800><c> are</c><00:12:14.959><c> moving</c><00:12:15.279><c> at</c><00:12:15.440><c> an</c><00:12:15.680><c> angle,</c>

10:31.259 --> 10:31.269 align:start position:0%
Well, since we are moving at an angle,
 

10:31.269 --> 10:35.180 align:start position:0%
Well, since we are moving at an angle,
our<00:12:16.399><c> lines</c><00:12:16.720><c> of</c><00:12:16.880><c> sight</c><00:12:17.600><c> which</c><00:12:18.079><c> defines</c><00:12:18.639><c> our</c><00:12:19.040><c> now</c>

10:35.180 --> 10:35.190 align:start position:0%
our lines of sight which defines our now
 

10:35.190 --> 10:37.180 align:start position:0%
our lines of sight which defines our now
are<00:12:20.240><c> tilted</c><00:12:20.639><c> with</c><00:12:20.880><c> respect</c><00:12:21.120><c> to</c><00:12:21.279><c> each</c><00:12:21.519><c> other.</c>

10:37.180 --> 10:37.190 align:start position:0%
are tilted with respect to each other.
 

10:37.190 --> 10:38.940 align:start position:0%
are tilted with respect to each other.
We<00:12:22.240><c> are</c><00:12:22.399><c> basically</c><00:12:22.800><c> considering</c><00:12:23.279><c> different</c>

10:38.940 --> 10:38.950 align:start position:0%
We are basically considering different
 

10:38.950 --> 10:41.420 align:start position:0%
We are basically considering different
slices<00:12:24.320><c> of</c><00:12:24.480><c> the</c><00:12:24.720><c> space</c><00:12:25.200><c> as</c><00:12:25.519><c> now.</c><00:12:26.000><c> That's</c>

10:41.420 --> 10:41.430 align:start position:0%
slices of the space as now. That's
 

10:41.430 --> 10:43.500 align:start position:0%
slices of the space as now. That's
what's<00:12:26.480><c> happening</c><00:12:26.800><c> over</c><00:12:27.040><c> here.</c><00:12:27.440><c> Right?</c><00:12:28.079><c> Now</c>

10:43.500 --> 10:43.510 align:start position:0%
what's happening over here. Right? Now
 

10:43.510 --> 10:45.980 align:start position:0%
what's happening over here. Right? Now
guess<00:12:28.560><c> what?</c><00:12:29.200><c> The</c><00:12:29.440><c> exact</c><00:12:29.920><c> same</c><00:12:30.160><c> thing</c><00:12:30.399><c> happens</c>

10:45.980 --> 10:45.990 align:start position:0%
guess what? The exact same thing happens
 

10:45.990 --> 10:48.620 align:start position:0%
guess what? The exact same thing happens
in<00:12:31.200><c> spaceime.</c><00:12:32.079><c> Because</c><00:12:32.240><c> of</c><00:12:32.480><c> relative</c><00:12:32.880><c> motion,</c>

10:48.620 --> 10:48.630 align:start position:0%
in spaceime. Because of relative motion,
 

10:48.630 --> 10:50.860 align:start position:0%
in spaceime. Because of relative motion,
our<00:12:33.680><c> world</c><00:12:33.920><c> lines</c><00:12:34.320><c> are</c><00:12:34.639><c> tilted</c><00:12:35.120><c> with</c><00:12:35.440><c> respect</c>

10:50.860 --> 10:50.870 align:start position:0%
our world lines are tilted with respect
 

10:50.870 --> 10:52.540 align:start position:0%
our world lines are tilted with respect
to<00:12:35.839><c> each</c><00:12:36.079><c> other.</c><00:12:36.480><c> And</c><00:12:36.720><c> that</c><00:12:36.880><c> means</c><00:12:37.120><c> our</c>

10:52.540 --> 10:52.550 align:start position:0%
to each other. And that means our
 

10:52.550 --> 10:55.019 align:start position:0%
to each other. And that means our
definitions<00:12:37.839><c> of</c><00:12:38.320><c> now</c><00:12:39.040><c> what</c><00:12:39.279><c> we</c><00:12:39.440><c> call</c><00:12:39.600><c> the</c>

10:55.019 --> 10:55.029 align:start position:0%
definitions of now what we call the
 

10:55.029 --> 10:57.980 align:start position:0%
definitions of now what we call the
lines<00:12:40.240><c> of</c><00:12:40.639><c> simultinity</c><00:12:41.920><c> are</c><00:12:42.160><c> also</c><00:12:42.399><c> tilted</c>

10:57.980 --> 10:57.990 align:start position:0%
lines of simultinity are also tilted
 

10:57.990 --> 11:00.540 align:start position:0%
lines of simultinity are also tilted
with<00:12:43.040><c> respect</c><00:12:43.279><c> to</c><00:12:43.440><c> each</c><00:12:43.680><c> other.</c><00:12:44.240><c> So</c><00:12:44.480><c> look</c><00:12:44.959><c> my</c>

11:00.540 --> 11:00.550 align:start position:0%
with respect to each other. So look my
 

11:00.550 --> 11:03.740 align:start position:0%
with respect to each other. So look my
presence<00:12:45.760><c> lies</c><00:12:46.079><c> of</c><00:12:46.320><c> spaceime</c><00:12:47.279><c> is</c><00:12:47.600><c> tilted</c><00:12:48.240><c> with</c>

11:03.740 --> 11:03.750 align:start position:0%
presence lies of spaceime is tilted with
 

11:03.750 --> 11:07.100 align:start position:0%
presence lies of spaceime is tilted with
respect<00:12:48.880><c> to</c><00:12:49.120><c> my</c><00:12:49.360><c> wife's.</c><00:12:50.399><c> So</c><00:12:51.120><c> the</c><00:12:51.440><c> alien</c>

11:07.100 --> 11:07.110 align:start position:0%
respect to my wife's. So the alien
 

11:07.110 --> 11:09.819 align:start position:0%
respect to my wife's. So the alien
invasion<00:12:52.720><c> could</c><00:12:52.959><c> have</c><00:12:53.200><c> started</c><00:12:54.079><c> right</c><00:12:54.399><c> now</c>

11:09.819 --> 11:09.829 align:start position:0%
invasion could have started right now
 

11:09.829 --> 11:13.420 align:start position:0%
invasion could have started right now
for<00:12:54.959><c> me.</c><00:12:55.680><c> It's</c><00:12:55.920><c> in</c><00:12:56.160><c> my</c><00:12:56.399><c> present.</c><00:12:57.519><c> But</c><00:12:57.680><c> for</c><00:12:57.920><c> my</c>

11:13.420 --> 11:13.430 align:start position:0%
for me. It's in my present. But for my
 

11:13.430 --> 11:16.380 align:start position:0%
for me. It's in my present. But for my
wife<00:12:58.880><c> it's</c><00:12:59.200><c> yet</c><00:12:59.440><c> to</c><00:12:59.680><c> happen</c><00:13:00.399><c> for</c><00:13:00.720><c> her</c><00:13:00.959><c> right</c>

11:16.380 --> 11:16.390 align:start position:0%
wife it's yet to happen for her right
 

11:16.390 --> 11:18.459 align:start position:0%
wife it's yet to happen for her right
now.<00:13:01.760><c> They're</c><00:13:02.079><c> probably</c><00:13:02.399><c> still</c><00:13:02.800><c> discussing</c>

11:18.459 --> 11:18.469 align:start position:0%
now. They're probably still discussing
 

11:18.469 --> 11:21.740 align:start position:0%
now. They're probably still discussing
it.<00:13:04.000><c> So</c><00:13:04.320><c> the</c><00:13:04.560><c> situation</c><00:13:05.120><c> is</c><00:13:05.519><c> analogous</c><00:13:06.079><c> to</c><00:13:06.320><c> two</c>

11:21.740 --> 11:21.750 align:start position:0%
it. So the situation is analogous to two
 

11:21.750 --> 11:23.259 align:start position:0%
it. So the situation is analogous to two
cars.

11:23.259 --> 11:23.269 align:start position:0%
cars.
 

11:23.269 --> 11:27.579 align:start position:0%
cars.
But<00:13:08.240><c> there</c><00:13:08.399><c> is</c><00:13:08.560><c> an</c><00:13:08.880><c> important</c><00:13:09.839><c> difference</c>

11:27.579 --> 11:27.589 align:start position:0%
But there is an important difference
 

11:27.589 --> 11:30.060 align:start position:0%
But there is an important difference
when<00:13:12.720><c> it</c><00:13:12.880><c> comes</c><00:13:13.040><c> to</c><00:13:13.120><c> the</c><00:13:13.360><c> cars.</c><00:13:13.920><c> I</c><00:13:14.160><c> can</c><00:13:14.399><c> just</c>

11:30.060 --> 11:30.070 align:start position:0%
when it comes to the cars. I can just
 

11:30.070 --> 11:32.459 align:start position:0%
when it comes to the cars. I can just
look<00:13:15.200><c> besides</c><00:13:15.680><c> me</c><00:13:15.920><c> and</c><00:13:16.240><c> say,</c><00:13:16.399><c> "Aha,</c><00:13:16.959><c> there's</c>

11:32.459 --> 11:32.469 align:start position:0%
look besides me and say, "Aha, there's
 

11:32.469 --> 11:35.019 align:start position:0%
look besides me and say, "Aha, there's
that<00:13:17.519><c> rock.</c><00:13:17.839><c> I</c><00:13:18.000><c> am</c><00:13:18.160><c> passing</c><00:13:18.560><c> it</c><00:13:18.800><c> right</c><00:13:19.120><c> now."</c>

11:35.019 --> 11:35.029 align:start position:0%
that rock. I am passing it right now."
 

11:35.029 --> 11:36.940 align:start position:0%
that rock. I am passing it right now."
And<00:13:20.000><c> of</c><00:13:20.160><c> course,</c><00:13:20.399><c> my</c><00:13:20.639><c> wife</c><00:13:20.880><c> would</c><00:13:21.120><c> look</c><00:13:21.360><c> at</c><00:13:21.519><c> her</c>

11:36.940 --> 11:36.950 align:start position:0%
And of course, my wife would look at her
 

11:36.950 --> 11:39.420 align:start position:0%
And of course, my wife would look at her
side<00:13:22.000><c> and</c><00:13:22.160><c> say,</c><00:13:22.240><c> "Aha,</c><00:13:22.800><c> I</c><00:13:23.040><c> I</c><00:13:23.279><c> see</c><00:13:23.519><c> no</c><00:13:23.760><c> rock</c><00:13:24.000><c> over</c>

11:39.420 --> 11:39.430 align:start position:0%
side and say, "Aha, I I see no rock over
 

11:39.430 --> 11:42.220 align:start position:0%
side and say, "Aha, I I see no rock over
here.<00:13:24.800><c> That</c><00:13:25.040><c> rock</c><00:13:25.279><c> is</c><00:13:25.440><c> ahead</c><00:13:25.760><c> of</c><00:13:26.000><c> me.</c><00:13:26.480><c> I'm</c><00:13:26.800><c> yet</c>

11:42.220 --> 11:42.230 align:start position:0%
here. That rock is ahead of me. I'm yet
 

11:42.230 --> 11:44.699 align:start position:0%
here. That rock is ahead of me. I'm yet
to<00:13:27.200><c> pass</c><00:13:27.519><c> it."</c><00:13:28.079><c> So</c><00:13:28.320><c> we</c><00:13:28.560><c> can</c><00:13:28.720><c> both</c><00:13:29.040><c> confirm</c>

11:44.699 --> 11:44.709 align:start position:0%
to pass it." So we can both confirm
 

11:44.709 --> 11:46.699 align:start position:0%
to pass it." So we can both confirm
what,<00:13:29.920><c> you</c><00:13:30.079><c> know,</c><00:13:30.240><c> our</c><00:13:30.560><c> present</c><00:13:30.880><c> is</c><00:13:31.120><c> and</c><00:13:31.360><c> our</c>

11:46.699 --> 11:46.709 align:start position:0%
what, you know, our present is and our
 

11:46.709 --> 11:49.579 align:start position:0%
what, you know, our present is and our
future<00:13:31.760><c> is.</c><00:13:32.079><c> We</c><00:13:32.320><c> can</c><00:13:32.480><c> see</c><00:13:32.639><c> it</c><00:13:32.880><c> literally.</c><00:13:34.240><c> But</c>

11:49.579 --> 11:49.589 align:start position:0%
future is. We can see it literally. But
 

11:49.589 --> 11:52.380 align:start position:0%
future is. We can see it literally. But
when<00:13:34.560><c> it</c><00:13:34.720><c> comes</c><00:13:34.880><c> to</c><00:13:35.040><c> spaceime,</c><00:13:36.240><c> we</c><00:13:36.560><c> can't</c><00:13:36.959><c> see</c>

11:52.380 --> 11:52.390 align:start position:0%
when it comes to spaceime, we can't see
 

11:52.390 --> 11:54.620 align:start position:0%
when it comes to spaceime, we can't see
what's<00:13:37.519><c> happening</c><00:13:37.839><c> right</c><00:13:38.079><c> now</c><00:13:38.720><c> far</c><00:13:39.040><c> away</c>

11:54.620 --> 11:54.630 align:start position:0%
what's happening right now far away
 

11:54.630 --> 11:57.100 align:start position:0%
what's happening right now far away
because<00:13:40.079><c> for</c><00:13:40.399><c> that</c><00:13:40.800><c> light</c><00:13:41.120><c> needs</c><00:13:41.360><c> to</c><00:13:41.680><c> reach</c>

11:57.100 --> 11:57.110 align:start position:0%
because for that light needs to reach
 

11:57.110 --> 11:59.500 align:start position:0%
because for that light needs to reach
our<00:13:42.240><c> eyes.</c><00:13:43.120><c> So</c><00:13:43.360><c> when</c><00:13:43.600><c> you</c><00:13:43.760><c> extend</c><00:13:44.079><c> your</c>

11:59.500 --> 11:59.510 align:start position:0%
our eyes. So when you extend your
 

11:59.510 --> 12:01.259 align:start position:0%
our eyes. So when you extend your
simultaneity<00:13:44.959><c> lines</c><00:13:45.200><c> far</c><00:13:45.440><c> away,</c><00:13:45.680><c> it's</c><00:13:45.920><c> not</c>

12:01.259 --> 12:01.269 align:start position:0%
simultaneity lines far away, it's not
 

12:01.269 --> 12:03.420 align:start position:0%
simultaneity lines far away, it's not
about<00:13:46.240><c> appearances.</c><00:13:47.040><c> It</c><00:13:47.279><c> is</c><00:13:47.440><c> about</c><00:13:47.839><c> your</c>

12:03.420 --> 12:03.430 align:start position:0%
about appearances. It is about your
 

12:03.430 --> 12:06.220 align:start position:0%
about appearances. It is about your
reality.<00:13:49.279><c> It</c><00:13:49.519><c> tells</c><00:13:49.760><c> you</c><00:13:50.079><c> what</c><00:13:50.399><c> really</c><00:13:50.720><c> is</c>

12:06.220 --> 12:06.230 align:start position:0%
reality. It tells you what really is
 

12:06.230 --> 12:08.060 align:start position:0%
reality. It tells you what really is
happening<00:13:51.360><c> from</c><00:13:51.600><c> your</c><00:13:51.760><c> perspective</c><00:13:52.560><c> far</c>

12:08.060 --> 12:08.070 align:start position:0%
happening from your perspective far
 

12:08.070 --> 12:11.019 align:start position:0%
happening from your perspective far
away.<00:13:53.839><c> Relative</c><00:13:54.240><c> motion</c><00:13:54.639><c> can</c><00:13:54.800><c> truly</c><00:13:55.200><c> make</c><00:13:55.519><c> my</c>

12:11.019 --> 12:11.029 align:start position:0%
away. Relative motion can truly make my
 

12:11.029 --> 12:14.540 align:start position:0%
away. Relative motion can truly make my
present<00:13:56.800><c> my</c><00:13:57.040><c> wife's</c><00:13:57.680><c> future.</c><00:13:58.800><c> But</c><00:13:59.040><c> why</c><00:13:59.199><c> don't</c>

12:14.540 --> 12:14.550 align:start position:0%
present my wife's future. But why don't
 

12:14.550 --> 12:16.379 align:start position:0%
present my wife's future. But why don't
we<00:13:59.519><c> notice</c><00:13:59.760><c> this</c><00:13:59.920><c> in</c><00:14:00.079><c> our</c><00:14:00.240><c> everyday</c><00:14:00.639><c> life?</c>

12:16.379 --> 12:16.389 align:start position:0%
we notice this in our everyday life?
 

12:16.389 --> 12:18.459 align:start position:0%
we notice this in our everyday life?
Well,<00:14:01.440><c> because</c><00:14:01.680><c> this</c><00:14:02.000><c> picture</c><00:14:02.399><c> is</c><00:14:02.800><c> highly</c>

12:18.459 --> 12:18.469 align:start position:0%
Well, because this picture is highly
 

12:18.469 --> 12:21.500 align:start position:0%
Well, because this picture is highly
exaggerated,<00:14:04.399><c> our</c><00:14:04.959><c> everyday</c><00:14:05.760><c> speeds,</c>

12:21.500 --> 12:21.510 align:start position:0%
exaggerated, our everyday speeds,
 

12:21.510 --> 12:24.940 align:start position:0%
exaggerated, our everyday speeds,
relative<00:14:06.800><c> speeds</c><00:14:07.279><c> are</c><00:14:07.600><c> much</c><00:14:08.079><c> much</c><00:14:08.240><c> much</c>

12:24.940 --> 12:24.950 align:start position:0%
relative speeds are much much much
 

12:24.950 --> 12:28.699 align:start position:0%
relative speeds are much much much
slower<00:14:10.240><c> than</c><00:14:10.560><c> the</c><00:14:10.800><c> speed</c><00:14:11.199><c> of</c><00:14:11.519><c> light,</c>

12:28.699 --> 12:28.709 align:start position:0%
slower than the speed of light,
 

12:28.709 --> 12:31.340 align:start position:0%
slower than the speed of light,
which<00:14:13.760><c> means</c><00:14:14.079><c> our</c><00:14:14.399><c> world</c><00:14:14.639><c> lines</c><00:14:15.120><c> are</c><00:14:15.519><c> almost</c>

12:31.340 --> 12:31.350 align:start position:0%
which means our world lines are almost
 

12:31.350 --> 12:34.060 align:start position:0%
which means our world lines are almost
parallel,<00:14:16.800><c> making</c><00:14:17.120><c> our</c><00:14:17.360><c> simultaneity</c><00:14:18.240><c> also</c>

12:34.060 --> 12:34.070 align:start position:0%
parallel, making our simultaneity also
 

12:34.070 --> 12:36.860 align:start position:0%
parallel, making our simultaneity also
almost<00:14:19.519><c> parallel.</c><00:14:20.399><c> And</c><00:14:20.560><c> so</c><00:14:20.800><c> for</c><00:14:21.040><c> events</c><00:14:21.440><c> close</c>

12:36.860 --> 12:36.870 align:start position:0%
almost parallel. And so for events close
 

12:36.870 --> 12:39.340 align:start position:0%
almost parallel. And so for events close
by,<00:14:22.320><c> we</c><00:14:22.720><c> pretty</c><00:14:22.959><c> much</c><00:14:23.199><c> agree</c><00:14:23.600><c> on</c><00:14:23.839><c> what's</c>

12:39.340 --> 12:39.350 align:start position:0%
by, we pretty much agree on what's
 

12:39.350 --> 12:41.900 align:start position:0%
by, we pretty much agree on what's
present,<00:14:24.720><c> past,</c><00:14:25.199><c> and</c><00:14:25.440><c> future.</c><00:14:26.000><c> And</c><00:14:26.240><c> we</c><00:14:26.480><c> tend</c>

12:41.900 --> 12:41.910 align:start position:0%
present, past, and future. And we tend
 

12:41.910 --> 12:44.540 align:start position:0%
present, past, and future. And we tend
to<00:14:26.880><c> think</c><00:14:27.279><c> this</c><00:14:27.680><c> extends</c><00:14:28.160><c> to</c><00:14:28.399><c> the</c><00:14:28.639><c> entire</c>

12:44.540 --> 12:44.550 align:start position:0%
to think this extends to the entire
 

12:44.550 --> 12:47.420 align:start position:0%
to think this extends to the entire
universe,<00:14:30.399><c> but</c><00:14:30.639><c> it</c><00:14:30.880><c> doesn't.</c><00:14:31.440><c> If</c><00:14:31.680><c> you</c><00:14:31.920><c> start</c>

12:47.420 --> 12:47.430 align:start position:0%
universe, but it doesn't. If you start
 

12:47.430 --> 12:49.579 align:start position:0%
universe, but it doesn't. If you start
looking<00:14:32.480><c> at</c><00:14:32.800><c> events</c><00:14:33.519><c> millions</c><00:14:34.000><c> of</c><00:14:34.160><c> light</c>

12:49.579 --> 12:49.589 align:start position:0%
looking at events millions of light
 

12:49.589 --> 12:52.620 align:start position:0%
looking at events millions of light
years<00:14:34.639><c> away,</c><00:14:35.680><c> the</c><00:14:35.920><c> differences</c><00:14:36.720><c> begin</c><00:14:37.120><c> to</c>

12:52.620 --> 12:52.630 align:start position:0%
years away, the differences begin to
 

12:52.630 --> 12:54.940 align:start position:0%
years away, the differences begin to
show<00:14:37.680><c> up.</c><00:14:38.160><c> This</c><00:14:38.320><c> is</c><00:14:38.480><c> probably</c><00:14:38.720><c> why</c><00:14:39.040><c> Einstein</c>

12:54.940 --> 12:54.950 align:start position:0%
show up. This is probably why Einstein
 

12:54.950 --> 12:57.100 align:start position:0%
show up. This is probably why Einstein
said,<00:14:40.000><c> and</c><00:14:40.240><c> I</c><00:14:40.399><c> quote,</c><00:14:41.120><c> "The</c><00:14:41.519><c> distinction</c>

12:57.100 --> 12:57.110 align:start position:0%
said, and I quote, "The distinction
 

12:57.110 --> 12:59.660 align:start position:0%
said, and I quote, "The distinction
between<00:14:42.399><c> past,</c><00:14:42.959><c> present,</c><00:14:43.360><c> and</c><00:14:43.600><c> future</c><00:14:44.079><c> is</c>

12:59.660 --> 12:59.670 align:start position:0%
between past, present, and future is
 

12:59.670 --> 13:04.300 align:start position:0%
between past, present, and future is
only<00:14:44.880><c> a</c><00:14:45.120><c> stubbornly</c><00:14:45.839><c> persistent</c><00:14:47.040><c> illusion."</c>

13:04.300 --> 13:04.310 align:start position:0%
only a stubbornly persistent illusion."
 

13:04.310 --> 13:06.699 align:start position:0%
only a stubbornly persistent illusion."
So<00:14:49.360><c> the</c><00:14:49.519><c> mind-boggling</c><00:14:50.160><c> takeaway</c><00:14:50.560><c> here</c><00:14:50.880><c> is</c>

13:06.699 --> 13:06.709 align:start position:0%
So the mind-boggling takeaway here is
 

13:06.709 --> 13:09.100 align:start position:0%
So the mind-boggling takeaway here is
the<00:14:51.839><c> idea</c><00:14:52.079><c> of</c><00:14:52.320><c> what's</c><00:14:52.639><c> happening</c><00:14:52.959><c> right</c><00:14:53.199><c> now</c>

13:09.100 --> 13:09.110 align:start position:0%
the idea of what's happening right now
 

13:09.110 --> 13:12.540 align:start position:0%
the idea of what's happening right now
only<00:14:54.399><c> carries</c><00:14:54.880><c> physical</c><00:14:55.360><c> meaning</c><00:14:56.160><c> locally</c>

13:12.540 --> 13:12.550 align:start position:0%
only carries physical meaning locally
 

13:12.550 --> 13:15.100 align:start position:0%
only carries physical meaning locally
only<00:14:57.680><c> then</c><00:14:58.240><c> we'll</c><00:14:58.639><c> mostly</c><00:14:59.040><c> agree</c><00:14:59.360><c> on</c><00:14:59.600><c> past</c>

13:15.100 --> 13:15.110 align:start position:0%
only then we'll mostly agree on past
 

13:15.110 --> 13:17.819 align:start position:0%
only then we'll mostly agree on past
present<00:15:00.160><c> and</c><00:15:00.399><c> future.</c><00:15:01.360><c> But</c><00:15:01.519><c> if</c><00:15:01.760><c> you</c><00:15:02.079><c> extend</c>

13:17.819 --> 13:17.829 align:start position:0%
present and future. But if you extend
 

13:17.829 --> 13:20.220 align:start position:0%
present and future. But if you extend
the<00:15:02.880><c> idea</c><00:15:03.040><c> of</c><00:15:03.199><c> simultaneity</c><00:15:03.920><c> far</c><00:15:04.160><c> away</c><00:15:04.720><c> it's</c>

13:20.220 --> 13:20.230 align:start position:0%
the idea of simultaneity far away it's
 

13:20.230 --> 13:22.300 align:start position:0%
the idea of simultaneity far away it's
necessary<00:15:05.360><c> to</c><00:15:05.600><c> do</c><00:15:05.680><c> that</c><00:15:06.000><c> to</c><00:15:06.320><c> build</c><00:15:06.639><c> space-time</c>

13:22.300 --> 13:22.310 align:start position:0%
necessary to do that to build space-time
 

13:22.310 --> 13:24.620 align:start position:0%
necessary to do that to build space-time
maps<00:15:07.360><c> and</c><00:15:07.600><c> we'll</c><00:15:07.839><c> do</c><00:15:08.000><c> it.</c><00:15:08.560><c> But</c><00:15:08.800><c> if</c><00:15:08.959><c> you</c><00:15:09.120><c> extend</c>

13:24.620 --> 13:24.630 align:start position:0%
maps and we'll do it. But if you extend
 

13:24.630 --> 13:25.819 align:start position:0%
maps and we'll do it. But if you extend
that<00:15:09.600><c> and</c><00:15:09.760><c> you</c><00:15:09.920><c> start</c><00:15:10.079><c> thinking</c><00:15:10.240><c> of</c><00:15:10.399><c> what's</c>

13:25.819 --> 13:25.829 align:start position:0%
that and you start thinking of what's
 

13:25.829 --> 13:28.540 align:start position:0%
that and you start thinking of what's
happening<00:15:10.880><c> right</c><00:15:11.040><c> now</c><00:15:11.279><c> far</c><00:15:11.600><c> away,</c><00:15:12.480><c> well,</c><00:15:13.040><c> it</c>

13:28.540 --> 13:28.550 align:start position:0%
happening right now far away, well, it
 

13:28.550 --> 13:31.980 align:start position:0%
happening right now far away, well, it
wouldn't<00:15:13.839><c> have</c><00:15:14.240><c> any</c><00:15:14.880><c> physical</c><00:15:16.079><c> meaning</c>

13:31.980 --> 13:31.990 align:start position:0%
wouldn't have any physical meaning
 

13:31.990 --> 13:35.019 align:start position:0%
wouldn't have any physical meaning
because<00:15:17.360><c> my</c><00:15:17.680><c> present</c><00:15:18.079><c> can</c><00:15:18.320><c> be</c><00:15:19.120><c> someone's</c>

13:35.019 --> 13:35.029 align:start position:0%
because my present can be someone's
 

13:35.029 --> 13:36.860 align:start position:0%
because my present can be someone's
future.

13:36.860 --> 13:36.870 align:start position:0%
future.
 

13:36.870 --> 13:39.180 align:start position:0%
future.
Anyways,<00:15:22.240><c> coming</c><00:15:22.560><c> back,</c><00:15:22.959><c> this</c><00:15:23.120><c> means</c><00:15:23.600><c> drawing</c>

13:39.180 --> 13:39.190 align:start position:0%
Anyways, coming back, this means drawing
 

13:39.190 --> 13:42.060 align:start position:0%
Anyways, coming back, this means drawing
Alice's<00:15:24.560><c> simultaneity</c><00:15:25.360><c> is</c><00:15:25.680><c> the</c><00:15:26.000><c> key</c><00:15:26.560><c> to</c>

13:42.060 --> 13:42.070 align:start position:0%
Alice's simultaneity is the key to
 

13:42.070 --> 13:44.220 align:start position:0%
Alice's simultaneity is the key to
understand<00:15:27.600><c> what's</c><00:15:28.000><c> happening</c><00:15:28.320><c> from</c><00:15:28.639><c> her</c>

13:44.220 --> 13:44.230 align:start position:0%
understand what's happening from her
 

13:44.230 --> 13:47.420 align:start position:0%
understand what's happening from her
perspective.<00:15:30.480><c> But</c><00:15:30.800><c> how</c><00:15:30.959><c> do</c><00:15:31.120><c> we</c><00:15:31.360><c> do</c><00:15:31.519><c> that?</c><00:15:32.000><c> I</c>

13:47.420 --> 13:47.430 align:start position:0%
perspective. But how do we do that? I
 

13:47.430 --> 13:49.980 align:start position:0%
perspective. But how do we do that? I
mean,<00:15:32.399><c> her</c><00:15:32.720><c> world</c><00:15:32.959><c> line</c><00:15:33.279><c> is</c><00:15:33.680><c> curved,</c><00:15:34.240><c> so</c><00:15:34.560><c> it</c>

13:49.980 --> 13:49.990 align:start position:0%
mean, her world line is curved, so it
 

13:49.990 --> 13:52.300 align:start position:0%
mean, her world line is curved, so it
sounds<00:15:35.120><c> pretty</c><00:15:35.360><c> complex.</c><00:15:36.560><c> The</c><00:15:36.639><c> spac-time</c>

13:52.300 --> 13:52.310 align:start position:0%
sounds pretty complex. The spac-time
 

13:52.310 --> 13:54.379 align:start position:0%
sounds pretty complex. The spac-time
geometry<00:15:37.519><c> is</c><00:15:37.760><c> definitely</c><00:15:38.079><c> non-intuitive,</c>

13:54.379 --> 13:54.389 align:start position:0%
geometry is definitely non-intuitive,
 

13:54.389 --> 13:56.699 align:start position:0%
geometry is definitely non-intuitive,
but<00:15:39.440><c> what</c><00:15:39.680><c> helps</c><00:15:40.000><c> me</c><00:15:40.240><c> is</c><00:15:40.480><c> that</c><00:15:41.040><c> it's</c>

13:56.699 --> 13:56.709 align:start position:0%
but what helps me is that it's
 

13:56.709 --> 14:00.060 align:start position:0%
but what helps me is that it's
incredibly<00:15:42.560><c> analogous</c><00:15:43.519><c> to</c><00:15:43.839><c> regular</c><00:15:44.399><c> space</c>

14:00.060 --> 14:00.070 align:start position:0%
incredibly analogous to regular space
 

14:00.070 --> 14:02.540 align:start position:0%
incredibly analogous to regular space
geometry.<00:15:45.680><c> Here's</c><00:15:46.000><c> what</c><00:15:46.160><c> I</c><00:15:46.320><c> mean.</c><00:15:46.800><c> If</c><00:15:47.040><c> we</c><00:15:47.199><c> go</c>

14:02.540 --> 14:02.550 align:start position:0%
geometry. Here's what I mean. If we go
 

14:02.550 --> 14:05.660 align:start position:0%
geometry. Here's what I mean. If we go
back<00:15:47.519><c> to</c><00:15:47.680><c> the</c><00:15:47.920><c> car</c><00:15:48.320><c> analogy,</c><00:15:49.440><c> in</c><00:15:49.920><c> regular</c>

14:05.660 --> 14:05.670 align:start position:0%
back to the car analogy, in regular
 

14:05.670 --> 14:08.780 align:start position:0%
back to the car analogy, in regular
space,<00:15:51.040><c> rotations</c><00:15:51.759><c> are</c><00:15:52.240><c> circular,</c><00:15:53.040><c> right?</c>

14:08.780 --> 14:08.790 align:start position:0%
space, rotations are circular, right?
 

14:08.790 --> 14:10.860 align:start position:0%
space, rotations are circular, right?
So,<00:15:53.920><c> look,</c><00:15:54.160><c> the</c><00:15:54.399><c> line</c><00:15:54.639><c> of</c><00:15:54.800><c> sides,</c><00:15:55.279><c> the</c>

14:10.860 --> 14:10.870 align:start position:0%
So, look, the line of sides, the
 

14:10.870 --> 14:13.500 align:start position:0%
So, look, the line of sides, the
simultaneities<00:15:56.880><c> change</c><00:15:57.279><c> as</c><00:15:57.519><c> a</c><00:15:57.759><c> tangent</c><00:15:58.160><c> to</c>

14:13.500 --> 14:13.510 align:start position:0%
simultaneities change as a tangent to
 

14:13.510 --> 14:16.699 align:start position:0%
simultaneities change as a tangent to
the<00:15:58.480><c> circle.</c><00:15:59.360><c> But</c><00:15:59.519><c> in</c><00:15:59.759><c> spacetime,</c><00:16:00.800><c> rotations</c>

14:16.699 --> 14:16.709 align:start position:0%
the circle. But in spacetime, rotations
 

14:16.709 --> 14:20.060 align:start position:0%
the circle. But in spacetime, rotations
are<00:16:01.839><c> hyperbolic.</c><00:16:03.199><c> So</c><00:16:03.440><c> the</c><00:16:03.680><c> simultaneity</c><00:16:04.399><c> here</c>

14:20.060 --> 14:20.070 align:start position:0%
are hyperbolic. So the simultaneity here
 

14:20.070 --> 14:22.780 align:start position:0%
are hyperbolic. So the simultaneity here
will<00:16:05.279><c> change</c><00:16:05.839><c> as</c><00:16:06.079><c> a</c><00:16:06.320><c> tangent</c><00:16:07.040><c> to</c><00:16:07.360><c> the</c>

14:22.780 --> 14:22.790 align:start position:0%
will change as a tangent to the
 

14:22.790 --> 14:26.620 align:start position:0%
will change as a tangent to the
hyperola.<00:16:09.040><c> See</c><00:16:09.680><c> analogous,</c><00:16:10.560><c> right?</c><00:16:11.199><c> But</c>

14:26.620 --> 14:26.630 align:start position:0%
hyperola. See analogous, right? But
 

14:26.630 --> 14:28.459 align:start position:0%
hyperola. See analogous, right? But
there's<00:16:11.680><c> more.</c>

14:28.459 --> 14:28.469 align:start position:0%
there's more.
 

14:28.469 --> 14:30.780 align:start position:0%
there's more.
When<00:16:13.519><c> a</c><00:16:13.759><c> car</c><00:16:14.000><c> goes</c><00:16:14.240><c> in</c><00:16:14.480><c> a</c><00:16:14.639><c> circle,</c><00:16:15.360><c> the</c>

14:30.780 --> 14:30.790 align:start position:0%
When a car goes in a circle, the
 

14:30.790 --> 14:33.259 align:start position:0%
When a car goes in a circle, the
simultaneity<00:16:16.240><c> is</c><00:16:16.480><c> drawn</c><00:16:16.720><c> at</c><00:16:16.959><c> every</c><00:16:17.360><c> moment</c>

14:33.259 --> 14:33.269 align:start position:0%
simultaneity is drawn at every moment
 

14:33.269 --> 14:36.939 align:start position:0%
simultaneity is drawn at every moment
meet<00:16:18.639><c> at</c><00:16:18.880><c> the</c><00:16:19.120><c> center.</c><00:16:19.839><c> Right?</c><00:16:20.959><c> Similarly,</c><00:16:21.519><c> if</c>

14:36.939 --> 14:36.949 align:start position:0%
meet at the center. Right? Similarly, if
 

14:36.949 --> 14:39.500 align:start position:0%
meet at the center. Right? Similarly, if
a<00:16:22.000><c> spacecraft</c><00:16:22.639><c> takes</c><00:16:22.959><c> a</c><00:16:23.120><c> hyperbolic</c><00:16:23.759><c> path</c><00:16:24.079><c> in</c>

14:39.500 --> 14:39.510 align:start position:0%
a spacecraft takes a hyperbolic path in
 

14:39.510 --> 14:42.139 align:start position:0%
a spacecraft takes a hyperbolic path in
spaceime,<00:16:25.120><c> the</c><00:16:25.440><c> simultaneity</c><00:16:26.160><c> lines</c><00:16:26.639><c> all</c>

14:42.139 --> 14:42.149 align:start position:0%
spaceime, the simultaneity lines all
 

14:42.149 --> 14:45.980 align:start position:0%
spaceime, the simultaneity lines all
meet<00:16:27.279><c> up</c><00:16:27.839><c> at</c><00:16:28.639><c> the</c><00:16:28.880><c> vertex.</c><00:16:30.000><c> But</c><00:16:30.240><c> wait,</c><00:16:30.639><c> we</c>

14:45.980 --> 14:45.990 align:start position:0%
meet up at the vertex. But wait, we
 

14:45.990 --> 14:48.060 align:start position:0%
meet up at the vertex. But wait, we
already<00:16:31.120><c> know</c><00:16:31.600><c> Alice's</c><00:16:32.079><c> world</c><00:16:32.399><c> line</c><00:16:32.639><c> is</c>

14:48.060 --> 14:48.070 align:start position:0%
already know Alice's world line is
 

14:48.070 --> 14:50.939 align:start position:0%
already know Alice's world line is
hyperbolic.<00:16:34.079><c> So</c><00:16:34.800><c> this</c><00:16:35.120><c> is</c><00:16:35.279><c> what</c><00:16:35.519><c> her</c>

14:50.939 --> 14:50.949 align:start position:0%
hyperbolic. So this is what her
 

14:50.949 --> 14:54.379 align:start position:0%
hyperbolic. So this is what her
simultaneity<00:16:36.399><c> slices</c><00:16:37.199><c> look</c><00:16:37.440><c> like.</c><00:16:38.240><c> They</c><00:16:38.560><c> all</c>

14:54.379 --> 14:54.389 align:start position:0%
simultaneity slices look like. They all
 

14:54.389 --> 14:57.900 align:start position:0%
simultaneity slices look like. They all
meet<00:16:39.759><c> at</c><00:16:40.240><c> the</c><00:16:40.560><c> vertex.</c><00:16:41.680><c> And</c><00:16:41.839><c> if</c><00:16:42.160><c> this</c><00:16:42.399><c> isn't</c>

14:57.900 --> 14:57.910 align:start position:0%
meet at the vertex. And if this isn't
 

14:57.910 --> 15:00.540 align:start position:0%
meet at the vertex. And if this isn't
beautiful<00:16:43.120><c> enough,</c><00:16:43.759><c> get</c><00:16:44.079><c> this.</c><00:16:44.959><c> Just</c><00:16:45.199><c> like</c>

15:00.540 --> 15:00.550 align:start position:0%
beautiful enough, get this. Just like
 

15:00.550 --> 15:03.420 align:start position:0%
beautiful enough, get this. Just like
how<00:16:45.680><c> all</c><00:16:46.079><c> points</c><00:16:46.399><c> on</c><00:16:46.720><c> circle</c><00:16:47.199><c> are</c><00:16:47.519><c> equidistant</c>

15:03.420 --> 15:03.430 align:start position:0%
how all points on circle are equidistant
 

15:03.430 --> 15:05.500 align:start position:0%
how all points on circle are equidistant
from<00:16:48.480><c> the</c><00:16:48.639><c> center,</c><00:16:49.360><c> all</c><00:16:49.680><c> points</c><00:16:50.000><c> on</c><00:16:50.160><c> the</c>

15:05.500 --> 15:05.510 align:start position:0%
from the center, all points on the
 

15:05.510 --> 15:09.259 align:start position:0%
from the center, all points on the
hyperola<00:16:51.279><c> are</c><00:16:51.519><c> at</c><00:16:51.759><c> the</c><00:16:52.079><c> same</c><00:16:52.720><c> proper</c><00:16:53.120><c> distance</c>

15:09.259 --> 15:09.269 align:start position:0%
hyperola are at the same proper distance
 

15:09.269 --> 15:12.220 align:start position:0%
hyperola are at the same proper distance
from<00:16:54.560><c> its</c><00:16:55.040><c> vertex.</c><00:16:55.839><c> Now,</c><00:16:56.160><c> it</c><00:16:56.320><c> doesn't</c><00:16:56.800><c> look</c>

15:12.220 --> 15:12.230 align:start position:0%
from its vertex. Now, it doesn't look
 

15:12.230 --> 15:14.139 align:start position:0%
from its vertex. Now, it doesn't look
like<00:16:57.279><c> that</c><00:16:57.680><c> because</c><00:16:58.079><c> we</c><00:16:58.399><c> can't</c><00:16:58.639><c> draw</c>

15:14.139 --> 15:14.149 align:start position:0%
like that because we can't draw
 

15:14.149 --> 15:17.900 align:start position:0%
like that because we can't draw
hyperbolic<00:16:59.759><c> geometry,</c><00:17:01.199><c> but</c><00:17:02.000><c> this</c><00:17:02.320><c> situation</c>

15:17.900 --> 15:17.910 align:start position:0%
hyperbolic geometry, but this situation
 

15:17.910 --> 15:21.820 align:start position:0%
hyperbolic geometry, but this situation
is<00:17:03.040><c> analogous.</c><00:17:03.839><c> Gosh,</c><00:17:04.559><c> tell</c><00:17:04.799><c> me</c><00:17:05.360><c> this</c><00:17:05.679><c> isn't</c>

15:21.820 --> 15:21.830 align:start position:0%
is analogous. Gosh, tell me this isn't
 

15:21.830 --> 15:24.139 align:start position:0%
is analogous. Gosh, tell me this isn't
beautiful.

15:24.139 --> 15:24.149 align:start position:0%
beautiful.
 

15:24.149 --> 15:27.660 align:start position:0%
beautiful.
So,<00:17:09.520><c> coming</c><00:17:09.919><c> back,</c><00:17:10.640><c> we</c><00:17:10.959><c> now</c><00:17:11.199><c> have</c><00:17:11.600><c> Alice's</c>

15:27.660 --> 15:27.670 align:start position:0%
So, coming back, we now have Alice's
 

15:27.670 --> 15:30.540 align:start position:0%
So, coming back, we now have Alice's
space-time<00:17:13.120><c> map.</c><00:17:14.000><c> How</c><00:17:14.240><c> she</c><00:17:14.559><c> slices</c><00:17:15.120><c> her</c>

15:30.540 --> 15:30.550 align:start position:0%
space-time map. How she slices her
 

15:30.550 --> 15:34.859 align:start position:0%
space-time map. How she slices her
spacetime<00:17:16.079><c> every</c><00:17:16.959><c> moment.</c><00:17:18.160><c> But</c><00:17:18.480><c> what</c><00:17:18.799><c> exactly</c>

15:34.859 --> 15:34.869 align:start position:0%
spacetime every moment. But what exactly
 

15:34.869 --> 15:37.900 align:start position:0%
spacetime every moment. But what exactly
does<00:17:20.000><c> this</c><00:17:20.319><c> mean?</c><00:17:21.039><c> Well,</c><00:17:21.360><c> if</c><00:17:21.600><c> we</c><00:17:22.000><c> bring</c><00:17:22.319><c> back</c>

15:37.900 --> 15:37.910 align:start position:0%
does this mean? Well, if we bring back
 

15:37.910 --> 15:40.700 align:start position:0%
does this mean? Well, if we bring back
the<00:17:23.120><c> flashlight,</c><00:17:24.160><c> its</c><00:17:24.480><c> world</c><00:17:24.720><c> line</c><00:17:24.959><c> would</c><00:17:25.199><c> be</c>

15:40.700 --> 15:40.710 align:start position:0%
the flashlight, its world line would be
 

15:40.710 --> 15:43.019 align:start position:0%
the flashlight, its world line would be
vertical<00:17:26.160><c> because</c><00:17:26.480><c> it's</c><00:17:26.799><c> at</c><00:17:26.959><c> rest</c><00:17:27.520><c> with</c>

15:43.019 --> 15:43.029 align:start position:0%
vertical because it's at rest with
 

15:43.029 --> 15:45.420 align:start position:0%
vertical because it's at rest with
respect<00:17:28.160><c> to</c><00:17:28.400><c> us.</c><00:17:29.120><c> And</c><00:17:29.280><c> the</c><00:17:29.600><c> light</c><00:17:29.840><c> would</c><00:17:30.000><c> be,</c>

15:45.420 --> 15:45.430 align:start position:0%
respect to us. And the light would be,
 

15:45.430 --> 15:47.739 align:start position:0%
respect to us. And the light would be,
of<00:17:30.400><c> course,</c><00:17:30.559><c> at</c><00:17:30.880><c> 45°.</c>

15:47.739 --> 15:47.749 align:start position:0%
of course, at 45°.
 

15:47.749 --> 15:49.420 align:start position:0%
of course, at 45°.
So,<00:17:32.799><c> according</c><00:17:33.200><c> to</c><00:17:33.520><c> our</c><00:17:33.840><c> lines</c><00:17:34.080><c> of</c>

15:49.420 --> 15:49.430 align:start position:0%
So, according to our lines of
 

15:49.430 --> 15:51.739 align:start position:0%
So, according to our lines of
simultaneity,<00:17:35.360><c> the</c><00:17:35.679><c> front</c><00:17:35.919><c> of</c><00:17:36.000><c> the</c><00:17:36.160><c> beam</c>

15:51.739 --> 15:51.749 align:start position:0%
simultaneity, the front of the beam
 

15:51.749 --> 15:55.580 align:start position:0%
simultaneity, the front of the beam
comes<00:17:37.039><c> closer</c><00:17:37.600><c> and</c><00:17:38.000><c> closer</c><00:17:38.480><c> to</c><00:17:38.799><c> her.</c>

15:55.580 --> 15:55.590 align:start position:0%
comes closer and closer to her.
 

15:55.590 --> 15:59.820 align:start position:0%
comes closer and closer to her.
But<00:17:40.960><c> according</c><00:17:41.440><c> to</c><00:17:41.840><c> her,</c><00:17:43.200><c> at</c><00:17:43.520><c> this</c><00:17:43.840><c> moment,</c>

15:59.820 --> 15:59.830 align:start position:0%
But according to her, at this moment,
 

15:59.830 --> 16:02.780 align:start position:0%
But according to her, at this moment,
the<00:17:44.880><c> front</c><00:17:45.120><c> of</c><00:17:45.280><c> the</c><00:17:45.360><c> beam</c><00:17:45.679><c> is</c><00:17:45.840><c> here.</c><00:17:47.120><c> But</c><00:17:47.360><c> a</c>

16:02.780 --> 16:02.790 align:start position:0%
the front of the beam is here. But a
 

16:02.790 --> 16:06.060 align:start position:0%
the front of the beam is here. But a
little<00:17:47.760><c> later</c><00:17:48.640><c> at</c><00:17:49.039><c> this</c><00:17:49.360><c> moment,</c><00:17:50.240><c> it's</c><00:17:50.559><c> still</c>

16:06.060 --> 16:06.070 align:start position:0%
little later at this moment, it's still
 

16:06.070 --> 16:09.900 align:start position:0%
little later at this moment, it's still
there<00:17:51.840><c> at</c><00:17:52.160><c> the</c><00:17:52.480><c> same</c><00:17:52.799><c> distance</c><00:17:53.360><c> behind.</c><00:17:54.400><c> Wait,</c>

16:09.900 --> 16:09.910 align:start position:0%
there at the same distance behind. Wait,
 

16:09.910 --> 16:11.340 align:start position:0%
there at the same distance behind. Wait,
it<00:17:54.960><c> doesn't</c><00:17:55.200><c> look</c><00:17:55.360><c> like</c><00:17:55.520><c> it's</c><00:17:55.760><c> at</c><00:17:55.840><c> the</c><00:17:56.080><c> same</c>

16:11.340 --> 16:11.350 align:start position:0%
it doesn't look like it's at the same
 

16:11.350 --> 16:14.460 align:start position:0%
it doesn't look like it's at the same
distance.<00:17:56.799><c> But</c><00:17:56.960><c> remember,</c><00:17:58.160><c> all</c><00:17:58.480><c> distances</c>

16:14.460 --> 16:14.470 align:start position:0%
distance. But remember, all distances
 

16:14.470 --> 16:17.260 align:start position:0%
distance. But remember, all distances
from<00:17:59.600><c> the</c><00:17:59.840><c> vertex</c><00:18:00.240><c> to</c><00:18:00.480><c> the</c><00:18:00.559><c> hyperola</c><00:18:01.360><c> are</c><00:18:01.760><c> the</c>

16:17.260 --> 16:17.270 align:start position:0%
from the vertex to the hyperola are the
 

16:17.270 --> 16:21.420 align:start position:0%
from the vertex to the hyperola are the
same<00:18:02.799><c> from</c><00:18:03.280><c> her</c><00:18:04.160><c> perspective.</c>

16:21.420 --> 16:21.430 align:start position:0%
same from her perspective.
 

16:21.430 --> 16:23.900 align:start position:0%
same from her perspective.
Which<00:18:06.480><c> means</c><00:18:06.880><c> no</c><00:18:07.039><c> matter</c><00:18:07.520><c> how</c><00:18:07.840><c> much</c><00:18:08.240><c> time</c>

16:23.900 --> 16:23.910 align:start position:0%
Which means no matter how much time
 

16:23.910 --> 16:27.979 align:start position:0%
Which means no matter how much time
passes<00:18:09.919><c> for</c><00:18:10.240><c> her,</c><00:18:11.280><c> that</c><00:18:11.679><c> beam</c><00:18:12.000><c> of</c><00:18:12.240><c> light</c>

16:27.979 --> 16:27.989 align:start position:0%
passes for her, that beam of light
 

16:27.989 --> 16:31.900 align:start position:0%
passes for her, that beam of light
doesn't<00:18:13.440><c> progress</c><00:18:14.240><c> at</c><00:18:14.559><c> all.</c><00:18:15.600><c> for</c><00:18:15.919><c> her.</c><00:18:16.320><c> It's</c>

16:31.900 --> 16:31.910 align:start position:0%
doesn't progress at all. for her. It's
 

16:31.910 --> 16:37.180 align:start position:0%
doesn't progress at all. for her. It's
frozen<00:18:17.280><c> there</c><00:18:17.679><c> in</c><00:18:18.000><c> time</c><00:18:19.120><c> at</c><00:18:19.360><c> a</c><00:18:19.679><c> fixed</c><00:18:20.559><c> location</c>

16:37.180 --> 16:37.190 align:start position:0%
frozen there in time at a fixed location
 

16:37.190 --> 16:40.380 align:start position:0%
frozen there in time at a fixed location
behind<00:18:22.559><c> her.</c>

16:40.380 --> 16:40.390 align:start position:0%
behind her.
 

16:40.390 --> 16:41.900 align:start position:0%
behind her.
Ooh,

16:41.900 --> 16:41.910 align:start position:0%
Ooh,
 

16:41.910 --> 16:44.700 align:start position:0%
Ooh,
you<00:18:27.039><c> can</c><00:18:27.200><c> begin</c><00:18:27.520><c> to</c><00:18:27.760><c> see</c><00:18:28.000><c> the</c><00:18:28.240><c> whole</c><00:18:28.880><c> infinite</c>

16:44.700 --> 16:44.710 align:start position:0%
you can begin to see the whole infinite
 

16:44.710 --> 16:46.620 align:start position:0%
you can begin to see the whole infinite
time<00:18:29.760><c> dilation</c><00:18:30.320><c> at</c><00:18:30.480><c> the</c><00:18:30.640><c> horizon</c><00:18:31.039><c> where</c><00:18:31.280><c> it</c>

16:46.620 --> 16:46.630 align:start position:0%
time dilation at the horizon where it
 

16:46.630 --> 16:48.700 align:start position:0%
time dilation at the horizon where it
comes<00:18:31.679><c> from.</c><00:18:32.240><c> Oh</c><00:18:32.480><c> my</c><00:18:32.720><c> god,</c><00:18:33.039><c> this</c><00:18:33.280><c> is</c>

16:48.700 --> 16:48.710 align:start position:0%
comes from. Oh my god, this is
 

16:48.710 --> 16:52.300 align:start position:0%
comes from. Oh my god, this is
incredible.<00:18:34.799><c> And</c><00:18:35.039><c> of</c><00:18:35.280><c> course,</c><00:18:36.080><c> the</c><00:18:36.400><c> exact</c>

16:52.300 --> 16:52.310 align:start position:0%
incredible. And of course, the exact
 

16:52.310 --> 16:55.660 align:start position:0%
incredible. And of course, the exact
same<00:18:37.919><c> analysis</c><00:18:38.640><c> applies</c><00:18:39.520><c> to</c><00:18:39.760><c> the</c><00:18:40.000><c> entire</c>

16:55.660 --> 16:55.670 align:start position:0%
same analysis applies to the entire
 

16:55.670 --> 16:58.380 align:start position:0%
same analysis applies to the entire
family.<00:18:41.440><c> That</c><00:18:41.679><c> light</c><00:18:41.919><c> beam</c><00:18:42.240><c> is</c><00:18:42.559><c> frozen</c><00:18:42.960><c> in</c>

16:58.380 --> 16:58.390 align:start position:0%
family. That light beam is frozen in
 

16:58.390 --> 17:01.739 align:start position:0%
family. That light beam is frozen in
time<00:18:44.000><c> at</c><00:18:44.240><c> a</c><00:18:44.480><c> fixed</c><00:18:44.799><c> distance</c><00:18:45.600><c> behind</c><00:18:46.080><c> each</c><00:18:46.320><c> one</c>

17:01.739 --> 17:01.749 align:start position:0%
time at a fixed distance behind each one
 

17:01.749 --> 17:04.620 align:start position:0%
time at a fixed distance behind each one
of<00:18:46.720><c> them.</c><00:18:47.520><c> Again,</c><00:18:48.000><c> Rena</c><00:18:48.480><c> reminds</c><00:18:48.720><c> us</c><00:18:49.120><c> they</c>

17:04.620 --> 17:04.630 align:start position:0%
of them. Again, Rena reminds us they
 

17:04.630 --> 17:07.020 align:start position:0%
of them. Again, Rena reminds us they
don't<00:18:49.760><c> see</c><00:18:50.240><c> the</c><00:18:50.559><c> light</c><00:18:50.720><c> beam</c><00:18:51.120><c> frozen</c><00:18:51.520><c> because</c>

17:07.020 --> 17:07.030 align:start position:0%
don't see the light beam frozen because
 

17:07.030 --> 17:09.420 align:start position:0%
don't see the light beam frozen because
remember<00:18:52.240><c> seeing</c><00:18:52.640><c> requires</c><00:18:53.440><c> light</c><00:18:53.760><c> to</c><00:18:54.080><c> reach</c>

17:09.420 --> 17:09.430 align:start position:0%
remember seeing requires light to reach
 

17:09.430 --> 17:12.140 align:start position:0%
remember seeing requires light to reach
your<00:18:54.480><c> eyes.</c><00:18:55.440><c> Simultaneities</c><00:18:56.480><c> doesn't</c><00:18:56.799><c> tell</c>

17:12.140 --> 17:12.150 align:start position:0%
your eyes. Simultaneities doesn't tell
 

17:12.150 --> 17:14.460 align:start position:0%
your eyes. Simultaneities doesn't tell
you<00:18:57.200><c> what</c><00:18:57.360><c> you</c><00:18:57.600><c> see.</c><00:18:58.320><c> Your</c><00:18:58.559><c> simultaneity</c>

17:14.460 --> 17:14.470 align:start position:0%
you what you see. Your simultaneity
 

17:14.470 --> 17:16.780 align:start position:0%
you what you see. Your simultaneity
lines<00:18:59.679><c> tell</c><00:18:59.840><c> you</c><00:19:00.240><c> what's</c><00:19:00.640><c> happening</c><00:19:01.280><c> right</c>

17:16.780 --> 17:16.790 align:start position:0%
lines tell you what's happening right
 

17:16.790 --> 17:19.260 align:start position:0%
lines tell you what's happening right
now<00:19:02.000><c> far</c><00:19:02.400><c> away.</c><00:19:03.120><c> So</c><00:19:03.360><c> this</c><00:19:03.520><c> is</c><00:19:03.679><c> not</c><00:19:03.840><c> about</c>

17:19.260 --> 17:19.270 align:start position:0%
now far away. So this is not about
 

17:19.270 --> 17:21.340 align:start position:0%
now far away. So this is not about
appearances.<00:19:05.360><c> This</c><00:19:05.520><c> is</c><00:19:05.679><c> about</c><00:19:05.919><c> their</c>

17:21.340 --> 17:21.350 align:start position:0%
appearances. This is about their
 

17:21.350 --> 17:24.060 align:start position:0%
appearances. This is about their
reality.<00:19:07.120><c> from</c><00:19:07.440><c> their</c><00:19:07.600><c> perspective</c><00:19:08.640><c> that</c>

17:24.060 --> 17:24.070 align:start position:0%
reality. from their perspective that
 

17:24.070 --> 17:26.060 align:start position:0%
reality. from their perspective that
beam<00:19:09.120><c> of</c><00:19:09.280><c> light</c><00:19:09.600><c> is</c><00:19:09.760><c> just</c><00:19:09.919><c> frozen</c><00:19:10.320><c> there</c><00:19:10.559><c> at</c><00:19:10.720><c> a</c>

17:26.060 --> 17:26.070 align:start position:0%
beam of light is just frozen there at a
 

17:26.070 --> 17:29.340 align:start position:0%
beam of light is just frozen there at a
fixed<00:19:11.200><c> distance</c><00:19:11.520><c> behind</c><00:19:11.919><c> them.</c>

17:29.340 --> 17:29.350 align:start position:0%
fixed distance behind them.
 

17:29.350 --> 17:32.780 align:start position:0%
fixed distance behind them.
So<00:19:15.120><c> indeed</c><00:19:15.840><c> the</c><00:19:16.160><c> situation</c><00:19:16.559><c> is</c><00:19:16.880><c> locally</c>

17:32.780 --> 17:32.790 align:start position:0%
So indeed the situation is locally
 

17:32.790 --> 17:35.420 align:start position:0%
So indeed the situation is locally
indistinguishable<00:19:18.559><c> from</c><00:19:18.880><c> hovering</c><00:19:19.760><c> close</c><00:19:20.000><c> to</c>

17:35.420 --> 17:35.430 align:start position:0%
indistinguishable from hovering close to
 

17:35.430 --> 17:38.859 align:start position:0%
indistinguishable from hovering close to
a<00:19:20.480><c> real</c><00:19:20.799><c> black</c><00:19:21.039><c> hole.</c><00:19:22.080><c> So</c><00:19:22.240><c> this</c><00:19:22.480><c> means</c><00:19:22.799><c> we</c><00:19:23.120><c> can</c>

17:38.859 --> 17:38.869 align:start position:0%
a real black hole. So this means we can
 

17:38.869 --> 17:42.219 align:start position:0%
a real black hole. So this means we can
use<00:19:24.400><c> the</c><00:19:24.880><c> same</c><00:19:25.440><c> physics,</c><00:19:26.240><c> the</c><00:19:26.559><c> same</c>

17:42.219 --> 17:42.229 align:start position:0%
use the same physics, the same
 

17:42.229 --> 17:44.300 align:start position:0%
use the same physics, the same
space-time<00:19:27.520><c> map</c><00:19:27.760><c> that</c><00:19:28.000><c> we</c><00:19:28.160><c> have</c><00:19:28.400><c> discovered</c>

17:44.300 --> 17:44.310 align:start position:0%
space-time map that we have discovered
 

17:44.310 --> 17:47.739 align:start position:0%
space-time map that we have discovered
for<00:19:29.440><c> the</c><00:19:29.679><c> event</c><00:19:30.000><c> horizon</c><00:19:30.720><c> of</c><00:19:31.039><c> a</c><00:19:31.360><c> real</c><00:19:32.240><c> black</c>

17:47.739 --> 17:47.749 align:start position:0%
for the event horizon of a real black
 

17:47.749 --> 17:50.460 align:start position:0%
for the event horizon of a real black
hole.<00:19:33.520><c> So,</c><00:19:33.760><c> all</c><00:19:34.000><c> we</c><00:19:34.160><c> have</c><00:19:34.240><c> to</c><00:19:34.320><c> do</c><00:19:34.480><c> now</c><00:19:34.640><c> is</c><00:19:34.960><c> zoom</c>

17:50.460 --> 17:50.470 align:start position:0%
hole. So, all we have to do now is zoom
 

17:50.470 --> 17:55.500 align:start position:0%
hole. So, all we have to do now is zoom
out<00:19:35.840><c> and</c><00:19:36.320><c> complete</c><00:19:37.120><c> the</c><00:19:37.440><c> map.</c><00:19:38.880><c> There</c><00:19:39.120><c> it</c><00:19:39.360><c> is.</c>

17:55.500 --> 17:55.510 align:start position:0%
out and complete the map. There it is.
 

17:55.510 --> 17:58.060 align:start position:0%
out and complete the map. There it is.
Isn't<00:19:40.640><c> it</c><00:19:40.880><c> beautiful?</c>

17:58.060 --> 17:58.070 align:start position:0%
Isn't it beautiful?
 

17:58.070 --> 17:59.739 align:start position:0%
Isn't it beautiful?
But<00:19:43.039><c> of</c><00:19:43.200><c> course,</c><00:19:43.760><c> I</c><00:19:44.080><c> have</c><00:19:44.160><c> a</c><00:19:44.320><c> lot</c><00:19:44.480><c> of</c>

17:59.739 --> 17:59.749 align:start position:0%
But of course, I have a lot of
 

17:59.749 --> 18:01.260 align:start position:0%
But of course, I have a lot of
questions.

18:01.260 --> 18:01.270 align:start position:0%
questions.
 

18:01.270 --> 18:05.099 align:start position:0%
questions.
First<00:19:46.320><c> of</c><00:19:46.480><c> all,</c><00:19:47.120><c> here</c><00:19:48.000><c> each</c><00:19:48.320><c> shuttle</c><00:19:49.120><c> is</c><00:19:49.440><c> now</c>

18:05.099 --> 18:05.109 align:start position:0%
First of all, here each shuttle is now
 

18:05.109 --> 18:07.260 align:start position:0%
First of all, here each shuttle is now
hovering<00:19:50.400><c> at</c><00:19:50.559><c> a</c><00:19:50.799><c> fixed</c><00:19:51.120><c> distance,</c><00:19:51.679><c> right?</c>

18:07.260 --> 18:07.270 align:start position:0%
hovering at a fixed distance, right?
 

18:07.270 --> 18:09.340 align:start position:0%
hovering at a fixed distance, right?
Meaning<00:19:52.400><c> they</c><00:19:52.640><c> are</c><00:19:52.799><c> all</c><00:19:53.039><c> at</c><00:19:53.360><c> rest</c><00:19:53.840><c> with</c>

18:09.340 --> 18:09.350 align:start position:0%
Meaning they are all at rest with
 

18:09.350 --> 18:12.460 align:start position:0%
Meaning they are all at rest with
respect<00:19:54.400><c> to</c><00:19:54.640><c> each</c><00:19:54.799><c> other,</c><00:19:55.200><c> right?</c><00:19:56.320><c> Yeah.</c><00:19:57.120><c> So,</c>

18:12.460 --> 18:12.470 align:start position:0%
respect to each other, right? Yeah. So,
 

18:12.470 --> 18:14.780 align:start position:0%
respect to each other, right? Yeah. So,
a<00:19:57.520><c> part</c><00:19:57.679><c> of</c><00:19:57.760><c> me</c><00:19:57.919><c> is</c><00:19:58.160><c> wondering,</c><00:19:59.280><c> shouldn't</c>

18:14.780 --> 18:14.790 align:start position:0%
a part of me is wondering, shouldn't
 

18:14.790 --> 18:18.460 align:start position:0%
a part of me is wondering, shouldn't
their<00:19:59.840><c> world</c><00:20:00.080><c> lines</c><00:20:00.480><c> be</c><00:20:01.039><c> vertical?</c><00:20:02.240><c> So</c><00:20:02.960><c> why</c>

18:18.460 --> 18:18.470 align:start position:0%
their world lines be vertical? So why
 

18:18.470 --> 18:20.700 align:start position:0%
their world lines be vertical? So why
does<00:20:03.520><c> it</c><00:20:03.679><c> look</c><00:20:04.000><c> curved?</c><00:20:04.720><c> Why</c><00:20:04.960><c> isn't</c><00:20:05.280><c> there</c>

18:20.700 --> 18:20.710 align:start position:0%
does it look curved? Why isn't there
 

18:20.710 --> 18:23.580 align:start position:0%
does it look curved? Why isn't there
world<00:20:05.760><c> line</c><00:20:06.080><c> vertical?</c><00:20:07.039><c> Render</c><00:20:07.520><c> says</c><00:20:08.000><c> we</c>

18:23.580 --> 18:23.590 align:start position:0%
world line vertical? Render says we
 

18:23.590 --> 18:26.219 align:start position:0%
world line vertical? Render says we
could<00:20:08.720><c> have</c><00:20:09.039><c> drawn</c><00:20:09.360><c> them</c><00:20:09.840><c> vertically</c><00:20:10.720><c> like</c>

18:26.219 --> 18:26.229 align:start position:0%
could have drawn them vertically like
 

18:26.229 --> 18:28.700 align:start position:0%
could have drawn them vertically like
this.<00:20:11.919><c> And</c><00:20:12.160><c> I</c><00:20:12.400><c> immediately</c><00:20:12.880><c> look</c><00:20:13.039><c> at</c><00:20:13.120><c> this</c><00:20:13.280><c> and</c>

18:28.700 --> 18:28.710 align:start position:0%
this. And I immediately look at this and
 

18:28.710 --> 18:32.060 align:start position:0%
this. And I immediately look at this and
say,<00:20:13.760><c> hey,</c><00:20:14.559><c> this</c><00:20:14.960><c> feels</c><00:20:15.600><c> so</c><00:20:16.080><c> much</c><00:20:16.480><c> more</c>

18:32.060 --> 18:32.070 align:start position:0%
say, hey, this feels so much more
 

18:32.070 --> 18:34.460 align:start position:0%
say, hey, this feels so much more
intuitive.<00:20:18.080><c> Then</c><00:20:18.400><c> why</c><00:20:18.559><c> aren't</c><00:20:18.720><c> we</c><00:20:18.880><c> drawing</c><00:20:19.120><c> it</c>

18:34.460 --> 18:34.470 align:start position:0%
intuitive. Then why aren't we drawing it
 

18:34.470 --> 18:37.180 align:start position:0%
intuitive. Then why aren't we drawing it
this<00:20:19.520><c> way?</c><00:20:20.160><c> Well,</c><00:20:20.480><c> because</c><00:20:20.960><c> if</c><00:20:21.200><c> you</c><00:20:21.520><c> actually</c>

18:37.180 --> 18:37.190 align:start position:0%
this way? Well, because if you actually
 

18:37.190 --> 18:39.500 align:start position:0%
this way? Well, because if you actually
solve<00:20:22.400><c> Einstein's</c><00:20:23.039><c> field</c><00:20:23.280><c> equations,</c><00:20:24.080><c> then</c>

18:39.500 --> 18:39.510 align:start position:0%
solve Einstein's field equations, then
 

18:39.510 --> 18:41.180 align:start position:0%
solve Einstein's field equations, then
in<00:20:24.640><c> this</c><00:20:24.799><c> particular</c><00:20:25.120><c> space-time</c><00:20:25.600><c> diagram,</c>

18:41.180 --> 18:41.190 align:start position:0%
in this particular space-time diagram,
 

18:41.190 --> 18:44.380 align:start position:0%
in this particular space-time diagram,
you'll<00:20:26.400><c> find</c><00:20:26.880><c> that</c><00:20:27.200><c> the</c><00:20:27.440><c> path</c><00:20:27.840><c> of</c><00:20:28.080><c> light</c><00:20:28.960><c> is</c>

18:44.380 --> 18:44.390 align:start position:0%
you'll find that the path of light is
 

18:44.390 --> 18:46.219 align:start position:0%
you'll find that the path of light is
curved.

18:46.219 --> 18:46.229 align:start position:0%
curved.
 

18:46.229 --> 18:49.420 align:start position:0%
curved.
And<00:20:31.360><c> in</c><00:20:31.600><c> fact,</c><00:20:32.159><c> look,</c><00:20:32.880><c> it</c><00:20:33.120><c> looks</c><00:20:33.360><c> like</c><00:20:33.679><c> nothing</c>

18:49.420 --> 18:49.430 align:start position:0%
And in fact, look, it looks like nothing
 

18:49.430 --> 18:52.940 align:start position:0%
And in fact, look, it looks like nothing
can<00:20:34.640><c> even</c><00:20:35.039><c> enter</c><00:20:35.520><c> the</c><00:20:35.760><c> event</c><00:20:36.159><c> horizon.</c>

18:52.940 --> 18:52.950 align:start position:0%
can even enter the event horizon.
 

18:52.950 --> 18:54.859 align:start position:0%
can even enter the event horizon.
That<00:20:38.080><c> led</c><00:20:38.480><c> people</c><00:20:38.720><c> like</c><00:20:38.880><c> Einstein</c><00:20:39.520><c> and</c>

18:54.859 --> 18:54.869 align:start position:0%
That led people like Einstein and
 

18:54.869 --> 18:57.580 align:start position:0%
That led people like Einstein and
Edington<00:20:40.159><c> to</c><00:20:40.480><c> believe</c><00:20:41.440><c> black</c><00:20:41.679><c> holes</c><00:20:42.080><c> might</c>

18:57.580 --> 18:57.590 align:start position:0%
Edington to believe black holes might
 

18:57.590 --> 19:00.700 align:start position:0%
Edington to believe black holes might
not<00:20:42.799><c> even</c><00:20:43.280><c> exist.</c>

19:00.700 --> 19:00.710 align:start position:0%
not even exist.
 

19:00.710 --> 19:02.460 align:start position:0%
not even exist.
But<00:20:45.679><c> of</c><00:20:45.840><c> course,</c><00:20:46.159><c> eventually</c><00:20:46.559><c> we</c><00:20:46.880><c> realize</c>

19:02.460 --> 19:02.470 align:start position:0%
But of course, eventually we realize
 

19:02.470 --> 19:05.099 align:start position:0%
But of course, eventually we realize
that<00:20:47.440><c> what</c><00:20:47.679><c> we're</c><00:20:47.919><c> looking</c><00:20:48.080><c> at</c><00:20:48.400><c> is</c><00:20:48.880><c> just</c><00:20:49.600><c> a</c>

19:05.099 --> 19:05.109 align:start position:0%
that what we're looking at is just a
 

19:05.109 --> 19:09.660 align:start position:0%
that what we're looking at is just a
map.<00:20:51.039><c> And</c><00:20:51.280><c> just</c><00:20:51.520><c> like</c><00:20:51.760><c> how</c><00:20:52.080><c> every</c><00:20:52.720><c> flat</c><00:20:53.280><c> map</c><00:20:53.679><c> of</c>

19:09.660 --> 19:09.670 align:start position:0%
map. And just like how every flat map of
 

19:09.670 --> 19:13.900 align:start position:0%
map. And just like how every flat map of
curved<00:20:55.200><c> earth</c><00:20:56.080><c> is</c><00:20:56.559><c> distorted,</c>

19:13.900 --> 19:13.910 align:start position:0%
curved earth is distorted,
 

19:13.910 --> 19:16.219 align:start position:0%
curved earth is distorted,
maybe<00:20:59.039><c> every</c><00:20:59.520><c> space-time</c><00:21:00.000><c> map</c><00:21:00.240><c> that</c><00:21:00.480><c> we</c><00:21:00.720><c> draw</c>

19:16.219 --> 19:16.229 align:start position:0%
maybe every space-time map that we draw
 

19:16.229 --> 19:21.339 align:start position:0%
maybe every space-time map that we draw
of<00:21:01.440><c> a</c><00:21:01.840><c> curved</c><00:21:02.640><c> spacetime</c><00:21:03.600><c> is</c><00:21:03.919><c> also</c><00:21:04.720><c> distorted.</c>

19:21.339 --> 19:21.349 align:start position:0%
of a curved spacetime is also distorted.
 

19:21.349 --> 19:24.700 align:start position:0%
of a curved spacetime is also distorted.
Some<00:21:06.400><c> maps</c><00:21:07.039><c> preserve</c><00:21:07.840><c> correct</c><00:21:08.320><c> angles</c><00:21:09.120><c> but</c>

19:24.700 --> 19:24.710 align:start position:0%
Some maps preserve correct angles but
 

19:24.710 --> 19:28.380 align:start position:0%
Some maps preserve correct angles but
distort<00:21:10.159><c> sizes</c><00:21:10.799><c> massively</c><00:21:12.159><c> and</c><00:21:12.559><c> others</c>

19:28.380 --> 19:28.390 align:start position:0%
distort sizes massively and others
 

19:28.390 --> 19:31.420 align:start position:0%
distort sizes massively and others
preserve<00:21:13.679><c> sizes</c><00:21:14.159><c> but</c><00:21:14.480><c> they</c><00:21:14.720><c> distort</c><00:21:15.200><c> angles.</c>

19:31.420 --> 19:31.430 align:start position:0%
preserve sizes but they distort angles.
 

19:31.430 --> 19:34.620 align:start position:0%
preserve sizes but they distort angles.
So<00:21:16.880><c> this</c><00:21:17.200><c> map</c><00:21:17.440><c> of</c><00:21:17.679><c> spacetime</c><00:21:18.720><c> preserves</c>

19:34.620 --> 19:34.630 align:start position:0%
So this map of spacetime preserves
 

19:34.630 --> 19:36.780 align:start position:0%
So this map of spacetime preserves
vertical<00:21:19.919><c> world</c><00:21:20.159><c> lines</c><00:21:20.720><c> but</c><00:21:20.960><c> the</c><00:21:21.200><c> paths</c><00:21:21.440><c> of</c>

19:36.780 --> 19:36.790 align:start position:0%
vertical world lines but the paths of
 

19:36.790 --> 19:39.979 align:start position:0%
vertical world lines but the paths of
the<00:21:21.760><c> light</c><00:21:22.240><c> gets</c><00:21:22.799><c> distorted.</c><00:21:24.080><c> So</c><00:21:24.320><c> physicists</c>

19:39.979 --> 19:39.989 align:start position:0%
the light gets distorted. So physicists
 

19:39.989 --> 19:41.739 align:start position:0%
the light gets distorted. So physicists
started<00:21:25.120><c> wondering</c><00:21:25.440><c> if</c><00:21:25.760><c> they</c><00:21:25.919><c> could</c><00:21:26.080><c> somehow</c>

19:41.739 --> 19:41.749 align:start position:0%
started wondering if they could somehow
 

19:41.749 --> 19:45.339 align:start position:0%
started wondering if they could somehow
build<00:21:26.880><c> a</c><00:21:27.200><c> new</c><00:21:27.440><c> map</c><00:21:27.760><c> of</c><00:21:28.000><c> spaceime</c><00:21:28.880><c> where</c><00:21:29.200><c> the</c><00:21:29.520><c> 45</c>

19:45.339 --> 19:45.349 align:start position:0%
build a new map of spaceime where the 45
 

19:45.349 --> 19:49.420 align:start position:0%
build a new map of spaceime where the 45
degree<00:21:30.640><c> light</c><00:21:31.039><c> path</c><00:21:31.679><c> could</c><00:21:31.919><c> be</c><00:21:32.159><c> preserved</c><00:21:33.520><c> and</c>

19:49.420 --> 19:49.430 align:start position:0%
degree light path could be preserved and
 

19:49.430 --> 19:53.820 align:start position:0%
degree light path could be preserved and
that<00:21:35.039><c> required</c><00:21:36.240><c> a</c><00:21:36.559><c> lot</c><00:21:36.720><c> of</c><00:21:37.200><c> math</c><00:21:37.679><c> but</c><00:21:38.320><c> we</c>

19:53.820 --> 19:53.830 align:start position:0%
that required a lot of math but we
 

19:53.830 --> 19:56.540 align:start position:0%
that required a lot of math but we
eventually<00:21:39.120><c> found</c><00:21:39.360><c> it</c><00:21:40.000><c> and</c><00:21:40.240><c> guess</c><00:21:40.480><c> what</c>

19:56.540 --> 19:56.550 align:start position:0%
eventually found it and guess what
 

19:56.550 --> 19:59.979 align:start position:0%
eventually found it and guess what
that's<00:21:41.600><c> the</c><00:21:41.919><c> map</c><00:21:42.159><c> that</c><00:21:42.559><c> we</c><00:21:43.120><c> have</c><00:21:43.440><c> found</c><00:21:43.760><c> it</c><00:21:44.559><c> but</c>

19:59.979 --> 19:59.989 align:start position:0%
that's the map that we have found it but
 

19:59.989 --> 20:03.979 align:start position:0%
that's the map that we have found it but
we<00:21:44.960><c> did</c><00:21:45.120><c> it</c><00:21:45.600><c> way</c><00:21:46.000><c> more</c><00:21:46.240><c> intuitively</c>

20:03.979 --> 20:03.989 align:start position:0%
we did it way more intuitively
 

20:03.989 --> 20:07.660 align:start position:0%
we did it way more intuitively
I<00:21:49.039><c> mean</c><00:21:49.440><c> in</c><00:21:49.760><c> this</c><00:21:50.080><c> map</c><00:21:50.559><c> the</c><00:21:50.960><c> world</c><00:21:51.200><c> lines</c><00:21:51.760><c> of</c>

20:07.660 --> 20:07.670 align:start position:0%
I mean in this map the world lines of
 

20:07.670 --> 20:11.660 align:start position:0%
I mean in this map the world lines of
the<00:21:52.799><c> light</c><00:21:53.200><c> is</c><00:21:53.600><c> always</c><00:21:54.480><c> at</c><00:21:54.880><c> 45°.</c>

20:11.660 --> 20:11.670 align:start position:0%
the light is always at 45°.
 

20:11.670 --> 20:14.460 align:start position:0%
the light is always at 45°.
How<00:21:56.720><c> do</c><00:21:56.799><c> we</c><00:21:56.960><c> know?</c><00:21:57.679><c> Well,</c><00:21:58.080><c> because</c><00:21:58.640><c> we</c><00:21:59.039><c> built</c>

20:14.460 --> 20:14.470 align:start position:0%
How do we know? Well, because we built
 

20:14.470 --> 20:17.339 align:start position:0%
How do we know? Well, because we built
it<00:21:59.600><c> from</c><00:22:00.080><c> renler</c><00:22:00.640><c> horizon,</c><00:22:01.280><c> remember?</c><00:22:02.000><c> And</c>

20:17.339 --> 20:17.349 align:start position:0%
it from renler horizon, remember? And
 

20:17.349 --> 20:20.540 align:start position:0%
it from renler horizon, remember? And
Renler<00:22:02.640><c> horizon</c><00:22:03.039><c> comes</c><00:22:03.360><c> from</c><00:22:04.080><c> flat</c><00:22:04.480><c> spacetime</c>

20:20.540 --> 20:20.550 align:start position:0%
Renler horizon comes from flat spacetime
 

20:20.550 --> 20:23.180 align:start position:0%
Renler horizon comes from flat spacetime
where<00:22:05.679><c> light</c><00:22:05.919><c> travels</c><00:22:06.240><c> at</c><00:22:06.480><c> 45°.</c><00:22:07.520><c> Since</c><00:22:07.840><c> we</c>

20:23.180 --> 20:23.190 align:start position:0%
where light travels at 45°. Since we
 

20:23.190 --> 20:24.940 align:start position:0%
where light travels at 45°. Since we
used<00:22:08.159><c> the</c><00:22:08.320><c> equivalence</c><00:22:08.799><c> principle</c><00:22:09.280><c> and</c>

20:24.940 --> 20:24.950 align:start position:0%
used the equivalence principle and
 

20:24.950 --> 20:28.300 align:start position:0%
used the equivalence principle and
translated<00:22:10.559><c> that</c><00:22:11.280><c> into</c><00:22:11.600><c> our</c><00:22:11.840><c> curve</c><00:22:12.159><c> spacetime</c>

20:28.300 --> 20:28.310 align:start position:0%
translated that into our curve spacetime
 

20:28.310 --> 20:31.820 align:start position:0%
translated that into our curve spacetime
in<00:22:13.360><c> our</c><00:22:13.600><c> map,</c><00:22:14.080><c> the</c><00:22:14.320><c> 45°</c><00:22:15.039><c> got</c><00:22:15.280><c> preserved.</c><00:22:16.240><c> So,</c>

20:31.820 --> 20:31.830 align:start position:0%
in our map, the 45° got preserved. So,
 

20:31.830 --> 20:34.300 align:start position:0%
in our map, the 45° got preserved. So,
this<00:22:17.200><c> was</c><00:22:17.360><c> the</c><00:22:17.679><c> reason</c><00:22:17.919><c> why</c><00:22:18.159><c> we</c><00:22:18.400><c> did</c><00:22:18.559><c> it</c><00:22:18.880><c> all</c>

20:34.300 --> 20:34.310 align:start position:0%
this was the reason why we did it all
 

20:34.310 --> 20:37.339 align:start position:0%
this was the reason why we did it all
this<00:22:19.360><c> way.</c><00:22:19.919><c> This</c><00:22:20.320><c> allowed</c><00:22:20.640><c> us</c><00:22:21.360><c> to</c><00:22:21.600><c> sidestep</c>

20:37.339 --> 20:37.349 align:start position:0%
this way. This allowed us to sidestep
 

20:37.349 --> 20:39.420 align:start position:0%
this way. This allowed us to sidestep
the<00:22:22.400><c> whole</c><00:22:22.799><c> equations</c><00:22:23.440><c> and</c><00:22:23.760><c> coordinate</c>

20:39.420 --> 20:39.430 align:start position:0%
the whole equations and coordinate
 

20:39.430 --> 20:41.820 align:start position:0%
the whole equations and coordinate
transformations,<00:22:25.120><c> all</c><00:22:25.280><c> the</c><00:22:25.440><c> messy</c><00:22:25.840><c> math</c><00:22:26.400><c> and</c>

20:41.820 --> 20:41.830 align:start position:0%
transformations, all the messy math and
 

20:41.830 --> 20:43.420 align:start position:0%
transformations, all the messy math and
intuitively

20:43.420 --> 20:43.430 align:start position:0%
intuitively
 

20:43.430 --> 20:47.099 align:start position:0%
intuitively
build<00:22:28.559><c> the</c><00:22:28.799><c> map.</c><00:22:29.840><c> And</c><00:22:30.080><c> now</c><00:22:30.240><c> that</c><00:22:30.480><c> we</c><00:22:30.799><c> have</c><00:22:30.960><c> it,</c>

20:47.099 --> 20:47.109 align:start position:0%
build the map. And now that we have it,
 

20:47.109 --> 20:50.780 align:start position:0%
build the map. And now that we have it,
we<00:22:32.159><c> can</c><00:22:32.320><c> use</c><00:22:32.480><c> this</c><00:22:32.720><c> as</c><00:22:32.880><c> a</c><00:22:33.039><c> tool</c><00:22:33.919><c> to</c><00:22:34.240><c> answer</c><00:22:34.799><c> all</c>

20:50.780 --> 20:50.790 align:start position:0%
we can use this as a tool to answer all
 

20:50.790 --> 20:54.380 align:start position:0%
we can use this as a tool to answer all
our<00:22:35.840><c> burning</c><00:22:36.880><c> questions.</c>

20:54.380 --> 20:54.390 align:start position:0%
our burning questions.
 

20:54.390 --> 20:56.060 align:start position:0%
our burning questions.
All<00:22:39.280><c> right,</c><00:22:39.600><c> let's</c><00:22:39.760><c> say</c><00:22:39.919><c> Alice</c><00:22:40.240><c> is</c><00:22:40.400><c> hovering</c>

20:56.060 --> 20:56.070 align:start position:0%
All right, let's say Alice is hovering
 

20:56.070 --> 20:58.460 align:start position:0%
All right, let's say Alice is hovering
over<00:22:41.120><c> here.</c><00:22:41.520><c> So</c><00:22:41.679><c> this</c><00:22:41.919><c> is</c><00:22:42.080><c> her</c><00:22:42.480><c> world</c><00:22:42.720><c> line.</c>

20:58.460 --> 20:58.470 align:start position:0%
over here. So this is her world line.
 

20:58.470 --> 21:00.700 align:start position:0%
over here. So this is her world line.
And<00:22:43.440><c> let's</c><00:22:43.679><c> say</c><00:22:43.840><c> she</c><00:22:44.080><c> drops</c><00:22:44.559><c> Bob</c><00:22:44.960><c> somewhere</c>

21:00.700 --> 21:00.710 align:start position:0%
And let's say she drops Bob somewhere
 

21:00.710 --> 21:02.940 align:start position:0%
And let's say she drops Bob somewhere
over<00:22:45.840><c> here.</c><00:22:46.799><c> What's</c><00:22:47.120><c> going</c><00:22:47.200><c> to</c><00:22:47.360><c> happen</c><00:22:47.520><c> to</c>

21:02.940 --> 21:02.950 align:start position:0%
over here. What's going to happen to
 

21:02.950 --> 21:05.180 align:start position:0%
over here. What's going to happen to
Bob?<00:22:48.159><c> To</c><00:22:48.400><c> answer</c><00:22:48.640><c> that</c><00:22:48.880><c> question,</c><00:22:49.440><c> we</c><00:22:49.679><c> draw</c>

21:05.180 --> 21:05.190 align:start position:0%
Bob? To answer that question, we draw
 

21:05.190 --> 21:07.339 align:start position:0%
Bob? To answer that question, we draw
Bob's<00:22:50.480><c> future</c><00:22:50.880><c> Litecoin.</c><00:22:51.679><c> And</c><00:22:51.840><c> we</c><00:22:52.000><c> can</c>

21:07.339 --> 21:07.349 align:start position:0%
Bob's future Litecoin. And we can
 

21:07.349 --> 21:10.219 align:start position:0%
Bob's future Litecoin. And we can
immediately<00:22:52.559><c> see</c><00:22:53.039><c> Bob</c><00:22:53.520><c> has</c><00:22:53.679><c> a</c><00:22:53.919><c> future</c><00:22:54.559><c> inside</c>

21:10.219 --> 21:10.229 align:start position:0%
immediately see Bob has a future inside
 

21:10.229 --> 21:14.060 align:start position:0%
immediately see Bob has a future inside
the<00:22:55.360><c> event</c><00:22:55.760><c> horizon.</c><00:22:56.480><c> So</c><00:22:56.960><c> he</c><00:22:57.280><c> can</c><00:22:58.080><c> enter</c><00:22:58.559><c> the</c>

21:14.060 --> 21:14.070 align:start position:0%
the event horizon. So he can enter the
 

21:14.070 --> 21:15.900 align:start position:0%
the event horizon. So he can enter the
black<00:22:59.120><c> hole,</c><00:22:59.440><c> which</c><00:22:59.679><c> we</c><00:22:59.840><c> can</c><00:23:00.000><c> immediately</c><00:23:00.559><c> see</c>

21:15.900 --> 21:15.910 align:start position:0%
black hole, which we can immediately see
 

21:15.910 --> 21:18.380 align:start position:0%
black hole, which we can immediately see
from<00:23:00.960><c> here.</c><00:23:01.520><c> But</c><00:23:01.679><c> Bob</c><00:23:02.080><c> also</c><00:23:02.400><c> has</c><00:23:02.559><c> a</c><00:23:02.799><c> future</c>

21:18.380 --> 21:18.390 align:start position:0%
from here. But Bob also has a future
 

21:18.390 --> 21:20.300 align:start position:0%
from here. But Bob also has a future
over<00:23:03.440><c> here,</c><00:23:03.760><c> which</c><00:23:04.000><c> means</c><00:23:04.159><c> he</c><00:23:04.400><c> can</c><00:23:04.559><c> avoid</c><00:23:04.880><c> the</c>

21:20.300 --> 21:20.310 align:start position:0%
over here, which means he can avoid the
 

21:20.310 --> 21:23.260 align:start position:0%
over here, which means he can avoid the
event<00:23:05.360><c> horizon.</c><00:23:06.240><c> As</c><00:23:06.559><c> long</c><00:23:06.880><c> as</c><00:23:07.120><c> he</c><00:23:07.360><c> uses</c><00:23:07.679><c> his</c>

21:23.260 --> 21:23.270 align:start position:0%
event horizon. As long as he uses his
 

21:23.270 --> 21:25.180 align:start position:0%
event horizon. As long as he uses his
rockets<00:23:08.480><c> and,</c><00:23:08.799><c> you</c><00:23:08.960><c> know,</c><00:23:09.200><c> fires</c><00:23:09.520><c> it</c><00:23:09.679><c> at</c><00:23:09.840><c> the</c>

21:25.180 --> 21:25.190 align:start position:0%
rockets and, you know, fires it at the
 

21:25.190 --> 21:27.180 align:start position:0%
rockets and, you know, fires it at the
right<00:23:10.159><c> amount,</c><00:23:10.720><c> he</c><00:23:11.039><c> can</c><00:23:11.200><c> definitely</c><00:23:11.679><c> avoid</c>

21:27.180 --> 21:27.190 align:start position:0%
right amount, he can definitely avoid
 

21:27.190 --> 21:29.099 align:start position:0%
right amount, he can definitely avoid
the<00:23:12.159><c> event</c><00:23:12.400><c> horizon.</c><00:23:12.799><c> So</c><00:23:12.960><c> that</c><00:23:13.120><c> makes</c><00:23:13.360><c> sense.</c>

21:29.099 --> 21:29.109 align:start position:0%
the event horizon. So that makes sense.
 

21:29.109 --> 21:30.780 align:start position:0%
the event horizon. So that makes sense.
But<00:23:14.080><c> of</c><00:23:14.240><c> course,</c><00:23:14.400><c> since</c><00:23:14.640><c> Bob</c><00:23:14.960><c> doesn't</c><00:23:15.280><c> have</c><00:23:15.360><c> a</c>

21:30.780 --> 21:30.790 align:start position:0%
But of course, since Bob doesn't have a
 

21:30.790 --> 21:32.620 align:start position:0%
But of course, since Bob doesn't have a
rocket,<00:23:15.919><c> let's</c><00:23:16.159><c> assume</c><00:23:16.480><c> that</c><00:23:16.799><c> he</c><00:23:16.960><c> takes</c><00:23:17.200><c> a</c>

21:32.620 --> 21:32.630 align:start position:0%
rocket, let's assume that he takes a
 

21:32.630 --> 21:34.300 align:start position:0%
rocket, let's assume that he takes a
path<00:23:18.080><c> something</c><00:23:18.320><c> like</c><00:23:18.559><c> this.</c><00:23:18.799><c> This</c><00:23:18.960><c> is</c><00:23:19.039><c> a</c>

21:34.300 --> 21:34.310 align:start position:0%
path something like this. This is a
 

21:34.310 --> 21:36.859 align:start position:0%
path something like this. This is a
freef<00:23:19.360><c> fall</c><00:23:19.600><c> path</c><00:23:20.080><c> and</c><00:23:20.320><c> he</c><00:23:20.559><c> enters</c><00:23:21.440><c> the</c>

21:36.859 --> 21:36.869 align:start position:0%
freef fall path and he enters the
 

21:36.869 --> 21:38.460 align:start position:0%
freef fall path and he enters the
horizon.<00:23:22.320><c> We'll</c><00:23:22.559><c> talk</c><00:23:22.720><c> about</c><00:23:22.880><c> what</c><00:23:23.039><c> happens</c>

21:38.460 --> 21:38.470 align:start position:0%
horizon. We'll talk about what happens
 

21:38.470 --> 21:40.380 align:start position:0%
horizon. We'll talk about what happens
inside<00:23:23.679><c> a</c><00:23:23.919><c> little</c><00:23:24.000><c> bit</c><00:23:24.080><c> later,</c><00:23:24.400><c> says</c><00:23:24.640><c> Rindler.</c>

21:40.380 --> 21:40.390 align:start position:0%
inside a little bit later, says Rindler.
 

21:40.390 --> 21:43.099 align:start position:0%
inside a little bit later, says Rindler.
But<00:23:25.280><c> now</c><00:23:25.520><c> the</c><00:23:25.840><c> big</c><00:23:26.159><c> question</c><00:23:26.480><c> is</c><00:23:27.280><c> from</c><00:23:27.520><c> Bob's</c>

21:43.099 --> 21:43.109 align:start position:0%
But now the big question is from Bob's
 

21:43.109 --> 21:44.940 align:start position:0%
But now the big question is from Bob's
perspective,<00:23:28.480><c> how</c><00:23:28.640><c> do</c><00:23:28.799><c> things</c><00:23:28.960><c> look</c><00:23:29.200><c> like?</c>

21:44.940 --> 21:44.950 align:start position:0%
perspective, how do things look like?
 

21:44.950 --> 21:47.180 align:start position:0%
perspective, how do things look like?
Well,<00:23:30.000><c> as</c><00:23:30.240><c> he</c><00:23:30.480><c> follows</c><00:23:30.799><c> along</c><00:23:31.039><c> this</c><00:23:31.280><c> path,</c>

21:47.180 --> 21:47.190 align:start position:0%
Well, as he follows along this path,
 

21:47.190 --> 21:49.739 align:start position:0%
Well, as he follows along this path,
notice<00:23:32.559><c> more</c><00:23:32.799><c> and</c><00:23:33.120><c> more</c><00:23:33.440><c> of</c><00:23:33.600><c> his</c><00:23:33.840><c> future</c><00:23:34.320><c> now</c>

21:49.739 --> 21:49.749 align:start position:0%
notice more and more of his future now
 

21:49.749 --> 21:52.300 align:start position:0%
notice more and more of his future now
lies<00:23:34.960><c> inside</c><00:23:35.360><c> the</c><00:23:35.600><c> horizon.</c><00:23:36.320><c> You</c><00:23:36.559><c> can</c><00:23:36.720><c> clearly</c>

21:52.300 --> 21:52.310 align:start position:0%
lies inside the horizon. You can clearly
 

21:52.310 --> 21:55.339 align:start position:0%
lies inside the horizon. You can clearly
see<00:23:37.280><c> that.</c><00:23:38.240><c> Now</c><00:23:38.799><c> just</c><00:23:39.120><c> before</c><00:23:39.679><c> reaching</c><00:23:39.919><c> the</c>

21:55.339 --> 21:55.349 align:start position:0%
see that. Now just before reaching the
 

21:55.349 --> 21:56.859 align:start position:0%
see that. Now just before reaching the
horizon<00:23:40.480><c> if</c><00:23:40.640><c> he</c><00:23:40.720><c> changes</c><00:23:40.960><c> his</c><00:23:41.120><c> mind</c><00:23:41.280><c> and</c><00:23:41.440><c> if</c><00:23:41.520><c> he</c>

21:56.859 --> 21:56.869 align:start position:0%
horizon if he changes his mind and if he
 

21:56.869 --> 21:58.859 align:start position:0%
horizon if he changes his mind and if he
had<00:23:41.840><c> fire</c><00:23:42.320><c> you</c><00:23:42.400><c> know</c><00:23:42.559><c> if</c><00:23:42.720><c> he</c><00:23:42.880><c> had</c><00:23:43.120><c> rockets</c>

21:58.859 --> 21:58.869 align:start position:0%
had fire you know if he had rockets
 

21:58.869 --> 22:00.859 align:start position:0%
had fire you know if he had rockets
again<00:23:44.080><c> no</c><00:23:44.320><c> look</c><00:23:44.320><c> look</c><00:23:44.559><c> there</c><00:23:44.720><c> is</c><00:23:44.880><c> a</c><00:23:45.280><c> small</c>

22:00.859 --> 22:00.869 align:start position:0%
again no look look there is a small
 

22:00.869 --> 22:04.219 align:start position:0%
again no look look there is a small
window<00:23:46.000><c> that</c><00:23:46.240><c> he</c><00:23:46.480><c> can</c><00:23:46.720><c> exit</c><00:23:47.919><c> but</c><00:23:48.400><c> once</c><00:23:48.799><c> he</c>

22:04.219 --> 22:04.229 align:start position:0%
window that he can exit but once he
 

22:04.229 --> 22:06.219 align:start position:0%
window that he can exit but once he
enters<00:23:49.360><c> the</c><00:23:49.520><c> horizon</c><00:23:50.159><c> that's</c><00:23:50.400><c> it</c><00:23:50.640><c> you</c><00:23:50.880><c> can</c>

22:06.219 --> 22:06.229 align:start position:0%
enters the horizon that's it you can
 

22:06.229 --> 22:09.020 align:start position:0%
enters the horizon that's it you can
clearly<00:23:51.440><c> see</c><00:23:52.000><c> there</c><00:23:52.240><c> is</c><00:23:52.400><c> no</c><00:23:52.640><c> escape</c><00:23:53.600><c> because</c>

22:09.020 --> 22:09.030 align:start position:0%
clearly see there is no escape because
 

22:09.030 --> 22:10.700 align:start position:0%
clearly see there is no escape because
even<00:23:54.000><c> if</c><00:23:54.240><c> it</c><00:23:54.320><c> travels</c><00:23:54.559><c> at</c><00:23:54.720><c> the</c><00:23:54.880><c> speed</c><00:23:55.039><c> of</c><00:23:55.120><c> light</c>

22:10.700 --> 22:10.710 align:start position:0%
even if it travels at the speed of light
 

22:10.710 --> 22:14.460 align:start position:0%
even if it travels at the speed of light
he<00:23:55.760><c> cannot</c><00:23:56.000><c> escape</c><00:23:56.400><c> he's</c><00:23:56.640><c> now</c><00:23:56.960><c> trapped</c>

22:14.460 --> 22:14.470 align:start position:0%
he cannot escape he's now trapped
 

22:14.470 --> 22:16.620 align:start position:0%
he cannot escape he's now trapped
but<00:23:59.520><c> let's</c><00:23:59.840><c> say</c><00:24:00.000><c> he</c><00:24:00.320><c> realizes</c><00:24:00.799><c> there's</c><00:24:01.039><c> no</c><00:24:01.280><c> way</c>

22:16.620 --> 22:16.630 align:start position:0%
but let's say he realizes there's no way
 

22:16.630 --> 22:19.420 align:start position:0%
but let's say he realizes there's no way
back<00:24:02.159><c> and</c><00:24:02.559><c> he</c><00:24:02.880><c> sends</c><00:24:03.120><c> one</c><00:24:03.440><c> last</c><00:24:03.679><c> transmission</c>

22:19.420 --> 22:19.430 align:start position:0%
back and he sends one last transmission
 

22:19.430 --> 22:22.940 align:start position:0%
back and he sends one last transmission
message<00:24:04.640><c> he</c><00:24:04.799><c> says</c><00:24:05.520><c> goodbye</c><00:24:06.559><c> universe</c>

22:22.940 --> 22:22.950 align:start position:0%
message he says goodbye universe
 

22:22.950 --> 22:25.420 align:start position:0%
message he says goodbye universe
Of<00:24:08.080><c> course,</c><00:24:08.320><c> even</c><00:24:08.640><c> that</c><00:24:09.039><c> message</c><00:24:09.440><c> will</c><00:24:09.760><c> never</c>

22:25.420 --> 22:25.430 align:start position:0%
Of course, even that message will never
 

22:25.430 --> 22:27.739 align:start position:0%
Of course, even that message will never
come<00:24:10.559><c> out</c><00:24:10.960><c> because</c><00:24:11.279><c> it'll</c><00:24:11.600><c> also</c><00:24:11.840><c> be</c><00:24:12.000><c> trapped</c>

22:27.739 --> 22:27.749 align:start position:0%
come out because it'll also be trapped
 

22:27.749 --> 22:31.339 align:start position:0%
come out because it'll also be trapped
inside<00:24:13.200><c> the</c><00:24:13.440><c> black</c><00:24:13.679><c> hole.</c><00:24:14.880><c> But</c><00:24:15.120><c> from</c><00:24:15.440><c> this,</c><00:24:15.919><c> we</c>

22:31.339 --> 22:31.349 align:start position:0%
inside the black hole. But from this, we
 

22:31.349 --> 22:34.300 align:start position:0%
inside the black hole. But from this, we
can<00:24:16.320><c> immediately</c><00:24:16.880><c> see</c><00:24:17.679><c> that</c><00:24:18.080><c> these</c><00:24:18.559><c> events</c>

22:34.300 --> 22:34.310 align:start position:0%
can immediately see that these events
 

22:34.310 --> 22:36.140 align:start position:0%
can immediately see that these events
happen<00:24:19.440><c> for</c><00:24:19.760><c> Bob.</c><00:24:20.080><c> And</c><00:24:20.240><c> now</c><00:24:20.400><c> we</c><00:24:20.640><c> understand</c>

22:36.140 --> 22:36.150 align:start position:0%
happen for Bob. And now we understand
 

22:36.150 --> 22:38.620 align:start position:0%
happen for Bob. And now we understand
why<00:24:21.279><c> we</c><00:24:21.440><c> say</c><00:24:21.679><c> from</c><00:24:21.919><c> Bob's</c><00:24:22.320><c> perspective,</c><00:24:23.120><c> he</c>

22:38.620 --> 22:38.630 align:start position:0%
why we say from Bob's perspective, he
 

22:38.630 --> 22:40.940 align:start position:0%
why we say from Bob's perspective, he
does<00:24:23.760><c> enter</c><00:24:24.080><c> the</c><00:24:24.320><c> horizon.</c><00:24:24.960><c> We</c><00:24:25.200><c> can</c><00:24:25.360><c> clearly</c>

22:40.940 --> 22:40.950 align:start position:0%
does enter the horizon. We can clearly
 

22:40.950 --> 22:43.260 align:start position:0%
does enter the horizon. We can clearly
see<00:24:26.159><c> he</c><00:24:26.400><c> enters</c><00:24:26.720><c> the</c><00:24:26.880><c> horizon</c><00:24:27.200><c> in</c><00:24:27.440><c> finite</c><00:24:27.840><c> time</c>

22:43.260 --> 22:43.270 align:start position:0%
see he enters the horizon in finite time
 

22:43.270 --> 22:45.660 align:start position:0%
see he enters the horizon in finite time
in<00:24:28.240><c> his</c><00:24:28.480><c> clock</c><00:24:28.960><c> and</c><00:24:29.200><c> he</c><00:24:29.440><c> can</c><00:24:29.600><c> do</c><00:24:29.840><c> stuff</c><00:24:30.080><c> inside</c>

22:45.660 --> 22:45.670 align:start position:0%
in his clock and he can do stuff inside
 

22:45.670 --> 22:47.580 align:start position:0%
in his clock and he can do stuff inside
the<00:24:30.640><c> horizon.</c><00:24:31.440><c> But</c><00:24:31.600><c> now</c><00:24:31.840><c> comes</c><00:24:32.080><c> the</c><00:24:32.240><c> big</c>

22:47.580 --> 22:47.590 align:start position:0%
the horizon. But now comes the big
 

22:47.590 --> 22:50.859 align:start position:0%
the horizon. But now comes the big
question.<00:24:33.200><c> What</c><00:24:33.760><c> is</c><00:24:33.919><c> the</c><00:24:34.159><c> story</c><00:24:34.640><c> from</c><00:24:34.960><c> Alice's</c>

22:50.859 --> 22:50.869 align:start position:0%
question. What is the story from Alice's
 

22:50.869 --> 22:52.140 align:start position:0%
question. What is the story from Alice's
perspective?

22:52.140 --> 22:52.150 align:start position:0%
perspective?
 

22:52.150 --> 22:55.180 align:start position:0%
perspective?
Okay,<00:24:37.600><c> first</c><00:24:38.159><c> let's</c><00:24:38.480><c> think</c><00:24:38.640><c> about</c><00:24:39.120><c> what</c><00:24:39.440><c> she</c>

22:55.180 --> 22:55.190 align:start position:0%
Okay, first let's think about what she
 

22:55.190 --> 22:57.660 align:start position:0%
Okay, first let's think about what she
sees.<00:24:40.960><c> All</c><00:24:41.120><c> we</c><00:24:41.279><c> have</c><00:24:41.360><c> to</c><00:24:41.440><c> do</c><00:24:41.520><c> is</c><00:24:41.679><c> draw</c><00:24:41.760><c> a</c><00:24:41.919><c> 45°ree</c>

22:57.660 --> 22:57.670 align:start position:0%
sees. All we have to do is draw a 45°ree
 

22:57.670 --> 23:00.219 align:start position:0%
sees. All we have to do is draw a 45°ree
line<00:24:42.640><c> at</c><00:24:42.880><c> periodic</c><00:24:43.360><c> intervals.</c><00:24:44.559><c> Here</c><00:24:44.799><c> it</c>

23:00.219 --> 23:00.229 align:start position:0%
line at periodic intervals. Here it
 

23:00.229 --> 23:02.620 align:start position:0%
line at periodic intervals. Here it
goes.

23:02.620 --> 23:02.630 align:start position:0%
goes.
 

23:02.630 --> 23:05.500 align:start position:0%
goes.
And<00:24:47.679><c> now</c><00:24:48.240><c> notice</c><00:24:48.799><c> when</c><00:24:49.120><c> Alice</c><00:24:49.600><c> is</c><00:24:49.840><c> somewhere</c>

23:05.500 --> 23:05.510 align:start position:0%
And now notice when Alice is somewhere
 

23:05.510 --> 23:08.140 align:start position:0%
And now notice when Alice is somewhere
over<00:24:50.640><c> here,</c><00:24:51.120><c> she</c><00:24:51.440><c> gets</c><00:24:51.760><c> the</c><00:24:52.240><c> signals</c><00:24:52.720><c> pretty</c>

23:08.140 --> 23:08.150 align:start position:0%
over here, she gets the signals pretty
 

23:08.150 --> 23:11.660 align:start position:0%
over here, she gets the signals pretty
periodically.<00:24:54.240><c> But</c><00:24:54.880><c> as</c><00:24:55.279><c> time</c><00:24:55.600><c> goes</c><00:24:55.840><c> on,</c>

23:11.660 --> 23:11.670 align:start position:0%
periodically. But as time goes on,
 

23:11.670 --> 23:14.459 align:start position:0%
periodically. But as time goes on,
notice<00:24:57.039><c> the</c><00:24:57.360><c> delay</c><00:24:57.840><c> increases</c><00:24:59.039><c> and</c>

23:14.459 --> 23:14.469 align:start position:0%
notice the delay increases and
 

23:14.469 --> 23:16.380 align:start position:0%
notice the delay increases and
eventually<00:24:59.760><c> the</c><00:25:00.080><c> last</c><00:25:00.320><c> signal</c><00:25:00.720><c> takes</c><00:25:00.960><c> an</c>

23:16.380 --> 23:16.390 align:start position:0%
eventually the last signal takes an
 

23:16.390 --> 23:18.620 align:start position:0%
eventually the last signal takes an
infinite<00:25:01.600><c> time</c><00:25:02.159><c> for</c><00:25:02.480><c> her</c><00:25:02.720><c> to</c><00:25:02.960><c> reach</c><00:25:03.200><c> over</c>

23:18.620 --> 23:18.630 align:start position:0%
infinite time for her to reach over
 

23:18.630 --> 23:22.060 align:start position:0%
infinite time for her to reach over
there.<00:25:04.240><c> which</c><00:25:04.559><c> means</c><00:25:04.880><c> indeed</c><00:25:05.520><c> she</c><00:25:05.840><c> sees</c><00:25:06.320><c> him</c>

23:22.060 --> 23:22.070 align:start position:0%
there. which means indeed she sees him
 

23:22.070 --> 23:24.219 align:start position:0%
there. which means indeed she sees him
slow<00:25:07.440><c> down.</c><00:25:08.159><c> The</c><00:25:08.320><c> best</c><00:25:08.559><c> thing</c><00:25:08.640><c> about</c><00:25:08.799><c> this</c>

23:24.219 --> 23:24.229 align:start position:0%
slow down. The best thing about this
 

23:24.229 --> 23:25.979 align:start position:0%
slow down. The best thing about this
picture,<00:25:09.360><c> I</c><00:25:09.600><c> don't</c><00:25:09.679><c> have</c><00:25:09.840><c> to</c><00:25:10.000><c> talk</c><00:25:10.159><c> about</c><00:25:10.480><c> time</c>

23:25.979 --> 23:25.989 align:start position:0%
picture, I don't have to talk about time
 

23:25.989 --> 23:28.780 align:start position:0%
picture, I don't have to talk about time
dilation<00:25:11.440><c> anymore.</c><00:25:12.320><c> I</c><00:25:12.559><c> can</c><00:25:12.799><c> draw</c><00:25:13.039><c> the</c><00:25:13.279><c> path</c><00:25:13.440><c> of</c>

23:28.780 --> 23:28.790 align:start position:0%
dilation anymore. I can draw the path of
 

23:28.790 --> 23:30.300 align:start position:0%
dilation anymore. I can draw the path of
light<00:25:13.840><c> and</c><00:25:14.080><c> I</c><00:25:14.240><c> can</c><00:25:14.400><c> talk</c><00:25:14.559><c> about</c><00:25:14.720><c> what</c><00:25:14.880><c> she</c>

23:30.300 --> 23:30.310 align:start position:0%
light and I can talk about what she
 

23:30.310 --> 23:33.260 align:start position:0%
light and I can talk about what she
sees.<00:25:15.520><c> Now</c><00:25:15.760><c> comes</c><00:25:16.080><c> the</c><00:25:16.480><c> main</c><00:25:16.799><c> question.</c><00:25:17.600><c> What</c>

23:33.260 --> 23:33.270 align:start position:0%
sees. Now comes the main question. What
 

23:33.270 --> 23:35.099 align:start position:0%
sees. Now comes the main question. What
happens<00:25:18.559><c> from</c><00:25:18.880><c> her</c><00:25:19.120><c> perspective?</c><00:25:19.600><c> Not</c><00:25:19.760><c> just</c>

23:35.099 --> 23:35.109 align:start position:0%
happens from her perspective? Not just
 

23:35.109 --> 23:37.660 align:start position:0%
happens from her perspective? Not just
what<00:25:20.080><c> she</c><00:25:20.320><c> sees,</c><00:25:20.880><c> but</c><00:25:21.200><c> what</c><00:25:21.520><c> actually</c><00:25:22.080><c> happens</c>

23:37.660 --> 23:37.670 align:start position:0%
what she sees, but what actually happens
 

23:37.670 --> 23:40.459 align:start position:0%
what she sees, but what actually happens
from<00:25:22.640><c> her</c><00:25:22.880><c> perspective.</c><00:25:23.760><c> For</c><00:25:24.000><c> that,</c><00:25:24.720><c> we</c><00:25:25.120><c> have</c>

23:40.459 --> 23:40.469 align:start position:0%
from her perspective. For that, we have
 

23:40.469 --> 23:43.580 align:start position:0%
from her perspective. For that, we have
to<00:25:25.520><c> use</c><00:25:25.760><c> her</c><00:25:26.080><c> lines</c><00:25:26.480><c> of</c><00:25:26.720><c> simultaneity.</c>

23:43.580 --> 23:43.590 align:start position:0%
to use her lines of simultaneity.
 

23:43.590 --> 23:45.739 align:start position:0%
to use her lines of simultaneity.
So<00:25:29.039><c> each</c><00:25:29.279><c> line</c><00:25:29.520><c> of</c><00:25:29.679><c> simultaneity</c><00:25:30.240><c> represents</c>

23:45.739 --> 23:45.749 align:start position:0%
So each line of simultaneity represents
 

23:45.749 --> 23:47.979 align:start position:0%
So each line of simultaneity represents
a<00:25:30.799><c> moment</c><00:25:31.120><c> in</c><00:25:31.440><c> Alice's</c><00:25:32.000><c> perspective.</c><00:25:32.559><c> So</c>

23:47.979 --> 23:47.989 align:start position:0%
a moment in Alice's perspective. So
 

23:47.989 --> 23:52.459 align:start position:0%
a moment in Alice's perspective. So
let's<00:25:33.039><c> call</c><00:25:33.279><c> this</c><00:25:33.520><c> as</c><00:25:33.679><c> t=</c><00:25:34.320><c> 0.</c><00:25:34.960><c> t=</c><00:25:35.520><c> 1</c><00:25:35.840><c> 2</c><00:25:36.080><c> 3</c><00:25:36.400><c> 4</c><00:25:36.720><c> 5</c>

23:52.459 --> 23:52.469 align:start position:0%
let's call this as t= 0. t= 1 2 3 4 5
 

23:52.469 --> 23:54.620 align:start position:0%
let's call this as t= 0. t= 1 2 3 4 5
and<00:25:37.600><c> t=</c><00:25:38.080><c> infinity</c><00:25:38.559><c> would</c><00:25:38.720><c> be</c><00:25:38.880><c> somewhere</c><00:25:39.200><c> over</c>

23:54.620 --> 23:54.630 align:start position:0%
and t= infinity would be somewhere over
 

23:54.630 --> 23:58.540 align:start position:0%
and t= infinity would be somewhere over
here.<00:25:40.240><c> So</c><00:25:40.559><c> at</c><00:25:40.799><c> t=0</c><00:25:42.080><c> she's</c><00:25:42.400><c> over</c><00:25:42.559><c> here</c><00:25:42.880><c> and</c><00:25:43.120><c> from</c>

23:58.540 --> 23:58.550 align:start position:0%
here. So at t=0 she's over here and from
 

23:58.550 --> 24:00.700 align:start position:0%
here. So at t=0 she's over here and from
her<00:25:43.520><c> perspective</c><00:25:44.080><c> Bob</c><00:25:44.320><c> is</c><00:25:44.559><c> over</c><00:25:44.799><c> here.</c>

24:00.700 --> 24:00.710 align:start position:0%
her perspective Bob is over here.
 

24:00.710 --> 24:02.859 align:start position:0%
her perspective Bob is over here.
Remember<00:25:45.840><c> she</c><00:25:46.080><c> doesn't</c><00:25:46.320><c> see</c><00:25:46.559><c> Bob</c><00:25:46.880><c> over</c><00:25:47.120><c> there</c>

24:02.859 --> 24:02.869 align:start position:0%
Remember she doesn't see Bob over there
 

24:02.869 --> 24:05.420 align:start position:0%
Remember she doesn't see Bob over there
but<00:25:48.080><c> this</c><00:25:48.320><c> is</c><00:25:48.480><c> where</c><00:25:48.720><c> Bob</c><00:25:49.120><c> is</c><00:25:49.760><c> from</c><00:25:50.080><c> her</c>

24:05.420 --> 24:05.430 align:start position:0%
but this is where Bob is from her
 

24:05.430 --> 24:07.739 align:start position:0%
but this is where Bob is from her
perspective.

24:07.739 --> 24:07.749 align:start position:0%
perspective.
 

24:07.749 --> 24:11.339 align:start position:0%
perspective.
Okay<00:25:53.360><c> at</c><00:25:53.679><c> one</c><00:25:54.159><c> a</c><00:25:54.400><c> little</c><00:25:54.559><c> later</c><00:25:55.360><c> uh</c><00:25:55.679><c> Bob</c><00:25:55.919><c> is</c>

24:11.339 --> 24:11.349 align:start position:0%
Okay at one a little later uh Bob is
 

24:11.349 --> 24:13.900 align:start position:0%
Okay at one a little later uh Bob is
over<00:25:56.320><c> here.</c><00:25:57.200><c> A</c><00:25:57.360><c> little</c><00:25:57.600><c> later</c><00:25:58.159><c> Bob</c><00:25:58.400><c> is</c><00:25:58.559><c> over</c>

24:13.900 --> 24:13.910 align:start position:0%
over here. A little later Bob is over
 

24:13.910 --> 24:16.780 align:start position:0%
over here. A little later Bob is over
here.<00:25:59.360><c> A</c><00:25:59.600><c> little</c><00:25:59.760><c> later</c><00:26:00.240><c> Bob's</c><00:26:00.640><c> over</c><00:26:00.880><c> here.</c>

24:16.780 --> 24:16.790 align:start position:0%
here. A little later Bob's over here.
 

24:16.790 --> 24:18.700 align:start position:0%
here. A little later Bob's over here.
Ooh.

24:18.700 --> 24:18.710 align:start position:0%
Ooh.
 

24:18.710 --> 24:23.339 align:start position:0%
Ooh.
Ooh.<00:26:04.000><c> You</c><00:26:04.240><c> can</c><00:26:04.400><c> begin</c><00:26:04.720><c> to</c><00:26:04.880><c> see</c><00:26:05.919><c> that</c><00:26:06.880><c> Bob</c>

24:23.339 --> 24:23.349 align:start position:0%
Ooh. You can begin to see that Bob
 

24:23.349 --> 24:26.940 align:start position:0%
Ooh. You can begin to see that Bob
actually<00:26:09.039><c> does</c><00:26:09.760><c> slow</c><00:26:10.080><c> down.</c><00:26:10.559><c> Notice</c><00:26:11.200><c> he's</c>

24:26.940 --> 24:26.950 align:start position:0%
actually does slow down. Notice he's
 

24:26.950 --> 24:30.060 align:start position:0%
actually does slow down. Notice he's
slowing<00:26:12.480><c> down</c><00:26:13.279><c> from</c><00:26:13.600><c> Alice's</c><00:26:14.240><c> perspective.</c>

24:30.060 --> 24:30.070 align:start position:0%
slowing down from Alice's perspective.
 

24:30.070 --> 24:31.820 align:start position:0%
slowing down from Alice's perspective.
This<00:26:15.039><c> is</c><00:26:15.200><c> not</c><00:26:15.360><c> about</c><00:26:15.679><c> w</c><00:26:16.000><c> this</c><00:26:16.159><c> is</c><00:26:16.320><c> not</c><00:26:16.480><c> about</c>

24:31.820 --> 24:31.830 align:start position:0%
This is not about w this is not about
 

24:31.830 --> 24:34.780 align:start position:0%
This is not about w this is not about
appearances.<00:26:17.679><c> From</c><00:26:18.000><c> her</c><00:26:18.240><c> perspective,</c><00:26:19.279><c> Bob</c>

24:34.780 --> 24:34.790 align:start position:0%
appearances. From her perspective, Bob
 

24:34.790 --> 24:39.260 align:start position:0%
appearances. From her perspective, Bob
will<00:26:20.080><c> always</c><00:26:20.559><c> be</c><00:26:21.679><c> always</c><00:26:22.400><c> be</c><00:26:23.279><c> outside</c><00:26:23.760><c> the</c>

24:39.260 --> 24:39.270 align:start position:0%
will always be always be outside the
 

24:39.270 --> 24:41.580 align:start position:0%
will always be always be outside the
horizon.<00:26:24.799><c> Remember</c>

24:41.580 --> 24:41.590 align:start position:0%
horizon. Remember
 

24:41.590 --> 24:43.979 align:start position:0%
horizon. Remember
this<00:26:27.039><c> particular</c><00:26:27.440><c> 45°ree</c><00:26:28.080><c> line</c><00:26:28.320><c> represents</c>

24:43.979 --> 24:43.989 align:start position:0%
this particular 45°ree line represents
 

24:43.989 --> 24:47.500 align:start position:0%
this particular 45°ree line represents
the<00:26:29.039><c> infinite</c><00:26:29.679><c> time</c><00:26:30.559><c> which</c><00:26:30.799><c> means</c><00:26:31.120><c> Alice</c>

24:47.500 --> 24:47.510 align:start position:0%
the infinite time which means Alice
 

24:47.510 --> 24:50.620 align:start position:0%
the infinite time which means Alice
actually<00:26:33.039><c> has</c><00:26:33.279><c> to</c><00:26:33.520><c> wait</c><00:26:34.000><c> an</c><00:26:34.559><c> infinite</c><00:26:35.120><c> amount</c>

24:50.620 --> 24:50.630 align:start position:0%
actually has to wait an infinite amount
 

24:50.630 --> 24:55.739 align:start position:0%
actually has to wait an infinite amount
of<00:26:35.679><c> time</c><00:26:36.240><c> for</c><00:26:36.559><c> Bob</c><00:26:37.279><c> to</c><00:26:37.679><c> enter</c><00:26:38.480><c> the</c><00:26:38.720><c> horizon.</c><00:26:40.000><c> So</c>

24:55.739 --> 24:55.749 align:start position:0%
of time for Bob to enter the horizon. So
 

24:55.749 --> 24:59.660 align:start position:0%
of time for Bob to enter the horizon. So
even<00:26:41.039><c> that</c><00:26:41.520><c> story</c><00:26:42.080><c> is</c><00:26:42.559><c> true.</c><00:26:43.520><c> It's</c><00:26:43.919><c> not</c><00:26:44.240><c> just</c>

24:59.660 --> 24:59.670 align:start position:0%
even that story is true. It's not just
 

24:59.670 --> 25:01.660 align:start position:0%
even that story is true. It's not just
about<00:26:44.799><c> appearances.</c>

25:01.660 --> 25:01.670 align:start position:0%
about appearances.
 

25:01.670 --> 25:04.219 align:start position:0%
about appearances.
Bob<00:26:47.039><c> really</c><00:26:47.520><c> takes</c><00:26:47.840><c> an</c><00:26:48.159><c> infinite</c><00:26:48.640><c> amount</c><00:26:48.880><c> of</c>

25:04.219 --> 25:04.229 align:start position:0%
Bob really takes an infinite amount of
 

25:04.229 --> 25:08.060 align:start position:0%
Bob really takes an infinite amount of
time<00:26:49.279><c> to</c><00:26:49.600><c> enter</c><00:26:49.840><c> the</c><00:26:50.080><c> horizon</c><00:26:51.200><c> from</c><00:26:51.600><c> Alice's</c>

25:08.060 --> 25:08.070 align:start position:0%
time to enter the horizon from Alice's
 

25:08.070 --> 25:11.339 align:start position:0%
time to enter the horizon from Alice's
perspective.

25:11.339 --> 25:11.349 align:start position:0%
 
 

25:11.349 --> 25:13.820 align:start position:0%
 
So,<00:26:56.880><c> Renler</c><00:26:57.440><c> asks</c><00:26:57.760><c> the</c><00:26:58.000><c> most</c><00:26:58.240><c> important</c>

25:13.820 --> 25:13.830 align:start position:0%
So, Renler asks the most important
 

25:13.830 --> 25:17.500 align:start position:0%
So, Renler asks the most important
question<00:26:59.600><c> from</c><00:27:00.000><c> Alice's</c><00:27:00.640><c> perspective.</c><00:27:02.000><c> Did</c>

25:17.500 --> 25:17.510 align:start position:0%
question from Alice's perspective. Did
 

25:17.510 --> 25:22.140 align:start position:0%
question from Alice's perspective. Did
Bob<00:27:02.880><c> ever</c><00:27:03.440><c> say</c><00:27:04.400><c> goodbye,</c><00:27:05.200><c> universe?</c>

25:22.140 --> 25:22.150 align:start position:0%
Bob ever say goodbye, universe?
 

25:22.150 --> 25:25.660 align:start position:0%
Bob ever say goodbye, universe?
Well,<00:27:07.279><c> my</c><00:27:07.600><c> immediate</c><00:27:08.080><c> response</c><00:27:08.640><c> is</c><00:27:09.200><c> no,</c>

25:25.660 --> 25:25.670 align:start position:0%
Well, my immediate response is no,
 

25:25.670 --> 25:28.300 align:start position:0%
Well, my immediate response is no,
because<00:27:11.200><c> from</c><00:27:11.600><c> Alice's</c><00:27:12.159><c> perspective,</c><00:27:12.720><c> it</c>

25:28.300 --> 25:28.310 align:start position:0%
because from Alice's perspective, it
 

25:28.310 --> 25:29.900 align:start position:0%
because from Alice's perspective, it
already<00:27:13.440><c> takes</c><00:27:13.679><c> an</c><00:27:13.840><c> infinite</c><00:27:14.240><c> amount</c><00:27:14.480><c> of</c><00:27:14.559><c> time</c>

25:29.900 --> 25:29.910 align:start position:0%
already takes an infinite amount of time
 

25:29.910 --> 25:33.979 align:start position:0%
already takes an infinite amount of time
to<00:27:14.960><c> just</c><00:27:15.760><c> enter</c><00:27:16.080><c> the</c><00:27:16.320><c> horizon.</c><00:27:17.279><c> So,</c><00:27:17.600><c> clearly</c>

25:33.979 --> 25:33.989 align:start position:0%
to just enter the horizon. So, clearly
 

25:33.989 --> 25:36.459 align:start position:0%
to just enter the horizon. So, clearly
nothing<00:27:19.200><c> ever</c><00:27:19.520><c> can</c><00:27:19.760><c> happen</c><00:27:20.640><c> beyond</c><00:27:21.039><c> the</c>

25:36.459 --> 25:36.469 align:start position:0%
nothing ever can happen beyond the
 

25:36.469 --> 25:39.339 align:start position:0%
nothing ever can happen beyond the
horizon.<00:27:21.760><c> So,</c><00:27:22.000><c> no.</c><00:27:23.120><c> Nothing</c><00:27:23.520><c> ever</c><00:27:23.840><c> happens</c>

25:39.339 --> 25:39.349 align:start position:0%
horizon. So, no. Nothing ever happens
 

25:39.349 --> 25:41.660 align:start position:0%
horizon. So, no. Nothing ever happens
beyond<00:27:24.480><c> the</c><00:27:24.720><c> horizon</c><00:27:25.520><c> from</c><00:27:25.840><c> Alice's</c>

25:41.660 --> 25:41.670 align:start position:0%
beyond the horizon from Alice's
 

25:41.670 --> 25:43.979 align:start position:0%
beyond the horizon from Alice's
perspective.

25:43.979 --> 25:43.989 align:start position:0%
perspective.
 

25:43.989 --> 25:47.099 align:start position:0%
perspective.
Or<00:27:29.039><c> does</c><00:27:29.279><c> it?</c><00:27:30.720><c> Here's</c><00:27:31.039><c> a</c><00:27:31.200><c> table</c><00:27:31.440><c> and</c><00:27:31.679><c> there's</c>

25:47.099 --> 25:47.109 align:start position:0%
Or does it? Here's a table and there's
 

25:47.109 --> 25:49.260 align:start position:0%
Or does it? Here's a table and there's
an<00:27:32.080><c> ant.</c><00:27:32.799><c> What's</c><00:27:33.120><c> the</c><00:27:33.360><c> coordinate</c><00:27:33.679><c> of</c><00:27:33.919><c> this</c>

25:49.260 --> 25:49.270 align:start position:0%
an ant. What's the coordinate of this
 

25:49.270 --> 25:51.500 align:start position:0%
an ant. What's the coordinate of this
ant<00:27:34.480><c> right</c><00:27:34.720><c> now?</c><00:27:35.279><c> And</c><00:27:35.440><c> I</c><00:27:35.600><c> say,</c><00:27:35.840><c> well,</c><00:27:36.000><c> for</c><00:27:36.159><c> that</c>

25:51.500 --> 25:51.510 align:start position:0%
ant right now? And I say, well, for that
 

25:51.510 --> 25:54.300 align:start position:0%
ant right now? And I say, well, for that
we<00:27:36.559><c> need</c><00:27:36.640><c> a</c><00:27:36.880><c> grid.</c><00:27:37.440><c> Okay,</c><00:27:37.919><c> let's</c><00:27:38.159><c> put</c><00:27:38.320><c> a</c><00:27:38.559><c> grid.</c>

25:54.300 --> 25:54.310 align:start position:0%
we need a grid. Okay, let's put a grid.
 

25:54.310 --> 25:56.380 align:start position:0%
we need a grid. Okay, let's put a grid.
What's<00:27:39.360><c> the</c><00:27:39.600><c> coordinate</c><00:27:40.080><c> right</c><00:27:40.320><c> now?</c><00:27:40.880><c> Okay,</c>

25:56.380 --> 25:56.390 align:start position:0%
What's the coordinate right now? Okay,
 

25:56.390 --> 26:01.979 align:start position:0%
What's the coordinate right now? Okay,
it's<00:27:41.679><c> um</c><00:27:41.919><c> x=</c><00:27:42.640><c> 3</c><00:27:42.960><c> and</c><00:27:43.279><c> y</c><00:27:44.240><c> =</c><00:27:44.799><c> 2.</c><00:27:46.000><c> What</c><00:27:46.159><c> if</c><00:27:46.400><c> we</c>

26:01.979 --> 26:01.989 align:start position:0%
it's um x= 3 and y = 2. What if we
 

26:01.989 --> 26:05.099 align:start position:0%
it's um x= 3 and y = 2. What if we
change<00:27:47.360><c> the</c><00:27:47.679><c> grid?</c><00:27:48.320><c> What</c><00:27:48.559><c> if</c><00:27:48.720><c> we</c><00:27:48.880><c> use</c><00:27:49.360><c> a</c>

26:05.099 --> 26:05.109 align:start position:0%
change the grid? What if we use a
 

26:05.109 --> 26:07.339 align:start position:0%
change the grid? What if we use a
different<00:27:50.320><c> kind</c><00:27:50.559><c> of</c><00:27:50.799><c> coordinate</c><00:27:51.279><c> system</c><00:27:51.840><c> in</c>

26:07.339 --> 26:07.349 align:start position:0%
different kind of coordinate system in
 

26:07.349 --> 26:11.339 align:start position:0%
different kind of coordinate system in
which<00:27:52.720><c> the</c><00:27:53.200><c> x=</c><00:27:53.760><c> 1</c><00:27:54.159><c> line</c><00:27:54.480><c> is</c><00:27:54.720><c> over</c><00:27:54.960><c> here?</c><00:27:55.840><c> The</c>

26:11.339 --> 26:11.349 align:start position:0%
which the x= 1 line is over here? The
 

26:11.349 --> 26:15.339 align:start position:0%
which the x= 1 line is over here? The
next<00:27:56.640><c> line</c><00:27:56.960><c> x=</c><00:27:57.679><c> 2</c><00:27:58.240><c> is</c><00:27:58.559><c> halfway</c><00:27:59.039><c> in</c><00:27:59.200><c> between</c><00:27:59.919><c> and</c>

26:15.339 --> 26:15.349 align:start position:0%
next line x= 2 is halfway in between and
 

26:15.349 --> 26:17.660 align:start position:0%
next line x= 2 is halfway in between and
x=<00:28:00.799><c> 3</c><00:28:00.960><c> would</c><00:28:01.120><c> be</c><00:28:01.200><c> halfway</c><00:28:01.520><c> in</c><00:28:01.760><c> between</c><00:28:02.000><c> this</c>

26:17.660 --> 26:17.670 align:start position:0%
x= 3 would be halfway in between this
 

26:17.670 --> 26:20.620 align:start position:0%
x= 3 would be halfway in between this
and<00:28:02.799><c> x=</c><00:28:03.279><c> 4</c><00:28:03.440><c> will</c><00:28:03.600><c> be</c><00:28:03.760><c> here.</c><00:28:04.000><c> x=</c><00:28:04.559><c> 5</c><00:28:04.720><c> will</c><00:28:04.880><c> be</c><00:28:05.039><c> here</c>

26:20.620 --> 26:20.630 align:start position:0%
and x= 4 will be here. x= 5 will be here
 

26:20.630 --> 26:22.620 align:start position:0%
and x= 4 will be here. x= 5 will be here
and<00:28:05.679><c> so</c><00:28:05.840><c> on</c><00:28:06.000><c> and</c><00:28:06.159><c> so</c><00:28:06.320><c> forth</c><00:28:06.480><c> and</c><00:28:06.640><c> so</c><00:28:06.799><c> forth</c><00:28:07.200><c> and</c>

26:22.620 --> 26:22.630 align:start position:0%
and so on and so forth and so forth and
 

26:22.630 --> 26:25.339 align:start position:0%
and so on and so forth and so forth and
eventually<00:28:08.000><c> x=</c><00:28:08.640><c> infinity</c><00:28:09.279><c> will</c><00:28:09.520><c> be</c><00:28:09.760><c> somewhere</c>

26:25.339 --> 26:25.349 align:start position:0%
eventually x= infinity will be somewhere
 

26:25.349 --> 26:28.459 align:start position:0%
eventually x= infinity will be somewhere
over<00:28:10.480><c> here.</c><00:28:11.600><c> Okay.</c><00:28:12.240><c> Now</c><00:28:12.559><c> according</c><00:28:12.880><c> to</c><00:28:13.039><c> this</c>

26:28.459 --> 26:28.469 align:start position:0%
over here. Okay. Now according to this
 

26:28.469 --> 26:30.540 align:start position:0%
over here. Okay. Now according to this
coordinate<00:28:13.760><c> system,</c><00:28:14.480><c> what's</c><00:28:14.799><c> the</c><00:28:14.960><c> coordinate</c>

26:30.540 --> 26:30.550 align:start position:0%
coordinate system, what's the coordinate
 

26:30.550 --> 26:32.620 align:start position:0%
coordinate system, what's the coordinate
of<00:28:15.520><c> this</c><00:28:15.679><c> ant?</c>

26:32.620 --> 26:32.630 align:start position:0%
of this ant?
 

26:32.630 --> 26:35.420 align:start position:0%
of this ant?
Well,<00:28:17.600><c> I</c><00:28:17.840><c> say</c><00:28:18.000><c> you</c><00:28:19.039><c> we</c><00:28:19.360><c> can't</c><00:28:19.600><c> assign</c><00:28:20.000><c> a</c>

26:35.420 --> 26:35.430 align:start position:0%
Well, I say you we can't assign a
 

26:35.430 --> 26:38.380 align:start position:0%
Well, I say you we can't assign a
coordinate<00:28:20.720><c> anymore.</c><00:28:21.919><c> So</c><00:28:22.320><c> Rler</c><00:28:22.799><c> asked,</c><00:28:23.039><c> does</c>

26:38.380 --> 26:38.390 align:start position:0%
coordinate anymore. So Rler asked, does
 

26:38.390 --> 26:40.940 align:start position:0%
coordinate anymore. So Rler asked, does
that<00:28:23.360><c> mean</c><00:28:23.520><c> the</c><00:28:23.760><c> ant</c><00:28:24.080><c> does</c><00:28:24.240><c> not</c><00:28:24.559><c> exist</c>

26:40.940 --> 26:40.950 align:start position:0%
that mean the ant does not exist
 

26:40.950 --> 26:43.180 align:start position:0%
that mean the ant does not exist
according<00:28:26.080><c> to</c><00:28:26.240><c> this</c><00:28:26.480><c> system?</c><00:28:27.440><c> I</c><00:28:27.600><c> say</c><00:28:27.760><c> that's</c>

26:43.180 --> 26:43.190 align:start position:0%
according to this system? I say that's
 

26:43.190 --> 26:45.579 align:start position:0%
according to this system? I say that's
absurd.<00:28:28.559><c> Of</c><00:28:28.720><c> course,</c><00:28:28.960><c> the</c><00:28:29.200><c> ant</c><00:28:29.600><c> exists.</c><00:28:30.159><c> And</c>

26:45.579 --> 26:45.589 align:start position:0%
absurd. Of course, the ant exists. And
 

26:45.589 --> 26:47.420 align:start position:0%
absurd. Of course, the ant exists. And
Miller<00:28:30.720><c> says,</c><00:28:30.799><c> "No,</c><00:28:31.039><c> no,</c><00:28:31.200><c> no,</c><00:28:31.440><c> no.</c><00:28:31.840><c> I</c><00:28:32.080><c> mean,</c>

26:47.420 --> 26:47.430 align:start position:0%
Miller says, "No, no, no, no. I mean,
 

26:47.430 --> 26:49.979 align:start position:0%
Miller says, "No, no, no, no. I mean,
think<00:28:32.480><c> about</c><00:28:32.640><c> it.</c><00:28:33.200><c> Even</c><00:28:33.440><c> if</c><00:28:33.679><c> I</c><00:28:33.919><c> go</c><00:28:34.159><c> through</c>

26:49.979 --> 26:49.989 align:start position:0%
think about it. Even if I go through
 

26:49.989 --> 26:53.020 align:start position:0%
think about it. Even if I go through
infinite<00:28:35.440><c> values</c><00:28:35.840><c> of</c><00:28:36.080><c> x,</c><00:28:36.880><c> I</c><00:28:37.120><c> can't</c><00:28:37.360><c> reach</c><00:28:37.600><c> the</c>

26:53.020 --> 26:53.030 align:start position:0%
infinite values of x, I can't reach the
 

26:53.030 --> 26:54.859 align:start position:0%
infinite values of x, I can't reach the
ant.<00:28:38.240><c> So</c><00:28:38.480><c> obviously</c><00:28:38.880><c> that</c><00:28:39.039><c> ant</c><00:28:39.360><c> does</c><00:28:39.520><c> not</c>

26:54.859 --> 26:54.869 align:start position:0%
ant. So obviously that ant does not
 

26:54.869 --> 26:56.940 align:start position:0%
ant. So obviously that ant does not
exist<00:28:40.320><c> as</c><00:28:40.559><c> far</c><00:28:40.640><c> as</c><00:28:40.799><c> this</c><00:28:41.039><c> coordinate</c><00:28:41.440><c> system</c>

26:56.940 --> 26:56.950 align:start position:0%
exist as far as this coordinate system
 

26:56.950 --> 26:59.739 align:start position:0%
exist as far as this coordinate system
is<00:28:42.159><c> concerned."</c><00:28:42.720><c> Right?</c><00:28:43.520><c> And</c><00:28:43.679><c> I</c><00:28:43.919><c> say,</c><00:28:44.240><c> "Come</c>

26:59.739 --> 26:59.749 align:start position:0%
is concerned." Right? And I say, "Come
 

26:59.749 --> 27:02.140 align:start position:0%
is concerned." Right? And I say, "Come
on,<00:28:44.720><c> Reinda.</c><00:28:45.039><c> What</c><00:28:45.200><c> are</c><00:28:45.360><c> you</c><00:28:45.600><c> talking</c><00:28:45.840><c> about?</c>

27:02.140 --> 27:02.150 align:start position:0%
on, Reinda. What are you talking about?
 

27:02.150 --> 27:04.060 align:start position:0%
on, Reinda. What are you talking about?
Whether<00:28:47.279><c> the</c><00:28:47.440><c> ant</c><00:28:47.760><c> exists</c><00:28:48.080><c> on</c><00:28:48.240><c> the</c><00:28:48.399><c> table</c><00:28:48.640><c> or</c>

27:04.060 --> 27:04.070 align:start position:0%
Whether the ant exists on the table or
 

27:04.070 --> 27:05.579 align:start position:0%
Whether the ant exists on the table or
not<00:28:49.039><c> does</c><00:28:49.279><c> not</c><00:28:49.440><c> depend</c><00:28:49.679><c> upon</c><00:28:49.919><c> what</c><00:28:50.159><c> kind</c><00:28:50.320><c> of</c>

27:05.579 --> 27:05.589 align:start position:0%
not does not depend upon what kind of
 

27:05.589 --> 27:08.219 align:start position:0%
not does not depend upon what kind of
grid<00:28:50.720><c> you</c><00:28:50.960><c> put</c><00:28:51.120><c> on</c><00:28:51.279><c> it.</c>

27:08.219 --> 27:08.229 align:start position:0%
grid you put on it.
 

27:08.229 --> 27:12.620 align:start position:0%
grid you put on it.
And<00:28:53.279><c> that's</c><00:28:53.840><c> exactly</c><00:28:54.880><c> the</c><00:28:55.440><c> point.</c><00:28:56.880><c> If</c><00:28:57.120><c> we</c><00:28:57.279><c> go</c>

27:12.620 --> 27:12.630 align:start position:0%
And that's exactly the point. If we go
 

27:12.630 --> 27:15.900 align:start position:0%
And that's exactly the point. If we go
back<00:28:57.600><c> over</c><00:28:57.840><c> here,</c><00:28:59.120><c> Bob,</c><00:28:59.760><c> Alice,</c><00:29:00.320><c> and</c>

27:15.900 --> 27:15.910 align:start position:0%
back over here, Bob, Alice, and
 

27:15.910 --> 27:18.140 align:start position:0%
back over here, Bob, Alice, and
everybody<00:29:01.200><c> in</c><00:29:01.360><c> this</c><00:29:01.600><c> universe</c><00:29:02.240><c> shares</c><00:29:02.640><c> the</c>

27:18.140 --> 27:18.150 align:start position:0%
everybody in this universe shares the
 

27:18.150 --> 27:21.820 align:start position:0%
everybody in this universe shares the
exact<00:29:03.520><c> same</c><00:29:04.000><c> spacetime.</c><00:29:05.039><c> And</c><00:29:05.360><c> events</c><00:29:06.000><c> on</c><00:29:06.320><c> that</c>

27:21.820 --> 27:21.830 align:start position:0%
exact same spacetime. And events on that
 

27:21.830 --> 27:25.180 align:start position:0%
exact same spacetime. And events on that
spacetime<00:29:07.679><c> either</c><00:29:08.159><c> happens</c><00:29:08.720><c> or</c><00:29:09.039><c> it</c><00:29:09.360><c> doesn't.</c>

27:25.180 --> 27:25.190 align:start position:0%
spacetime either happens or it doesn't.
 

27:25.190 --> 27:28.140 align:start position:0%
spacetime either happens or it doesn't.
It's<00:29:10.240><c> not</c><00:29:10.399><c> subjective.</c><00:29:11.120><c> It's</c><00:29:11.360><c> not</c><00:29:11.600><c> relative.</c>

27:28.140 --> 27:28.150 align:start position:0%
It's not subjective. It's not relative.
 

27:28.150 --> 27:30.300 align:start position:0%
It's not subjective. It's not relative.
and<00:29:13.200><c> it's</c><00:29:13.600><c> independent</c><00:29:14.159><c> of</c><00:29:14.399><c> the</c><00:29:14.640><c> coordinate</c>

27:30.300 --> 27:30.310 align:start position:0%
and it's independent of the coordinate
 

27:30.310 --> 27:32.940 align:start position:0%
and it's independent of the coordinate
system<00:29:15.520><c> that</c><00:29:15.840><c> you</c><00:29:16.000><c> put</c><00:29:16.159><c> on</c><00:29:16.399><c> it.</c><00:29:17.200><c> Now</c><00:29:17.440><c> clearly</c>

27:32.940 --> 27:32.950 align:start position:0%
system that you put on it. Now clearly
 

27:32.950 --> 27:36.300 align:start position:0%
system that you put on it. Now clearly
we<00:29:18.000><c> can</c><00:29:18.240><c> see</c><00:29:18.960><c> that</c><00:29:19.279><c> this</c><00:29:19.679><c> event</c><00:29:20.080><c> of</c><00:29:20.480><c> Bob</c><00:29:20.799><c> saying</c>

27:36.300 --> 27:36.310 align:start position:0%
we can see that this event of Bob saying
 

27:36.310 --> 27:40.300 align:start position:0%
we can see that this event of Bob saying
goodbye<00:29:22.080><c> happens</c><00:29:23.360><c> and</c><00:29:23.600><c> so</c><00:29:24.000><c> it</c><00:29:24.320><c> happens</c><00:29:24.640><c> for</c>

27:40.300 --> 27:40.310 align:start position:0%
goodbye happens and so it happens for
 

27:40.310 --> 27:42.380 align:start position:0%
goodbye happens and so it happens for
everybody.<00:29:25.840><c> It</c><00:29:26.000><c> happens</c><00:29:26.240><c> for</c><00:29:26.480><c> Bob,</c><00:29:27.039><c> it</c>

27:42.380 --> 27:42.390 align:start position:0%
everybody. It happens for Bob, it
 

27:42.390 --> 27:45.579 align:start position:0%
everybody. It happens for Bob, it
happens<00:29:27.440><c> for</c><00:29:27.679><c> Alice</c><00:29:28.080><c> as</c><00:29:28.320><c> well</c><00:29:29.039><c> because</c><00:29:30.000><c> she</c>

27:45.579 --> 27:45.589 align:start position:0%
happens for Alice as well because she
 

27:45.589 --> 27:49.099 align:start position:0%
happens for Alice as well because she
also<00:29:31.360><c> shares</c><00:29:31.760><c> the</c><00:29:32.000><c> same</c><00:29:32.320><c> spaceime.</c>

27:49.099 --> 27:49.109 align:start position:0%
also shares the same spaceime.
 

27:49.109 --> 27:51.900 align:start position:0%
also shares the same spaceime.
So<00:29:35.039><c> if</c><00:29:35.279><c> you</c><00:29:35.440><c> think</c><00:29:35.520><c> of</c><00:29:35.679><c> it</c><00:29:35.840><c> that</c><00:29:36.000><c> way,</c><00:29:36.320><c> these</c>

27:51.900 --> 27:51.910 align:start position:0%
So if you think of it that way, these
 

27:51.910 --> 27:55.260 align:start position:0%
So if you think of it that way, these
events<00:29:37.440><c> exist</c><00:29:38.480><c> and</c><00:29:38.720><c> so</c><00:29:38.960><c> by</c><00:29:39.200><c> definition</c><00:29:39.600><c> they</c>

27:55.260 --> 27:55.270 align:start position:0%
events exist and so by definition they
 

27:55.270 --> 27:58.859 align:start position:0%
events exist and so by definition they
happen.<00:29:41.120><c> So</c><00:29:41.520><c> Bob</c><00:29:42.159><c> does</c><00:29:42.480><c> enter</c><00:29:42.720><c> the</c><00:29:42.960><c> horizon.</c>

27:58.859 --> 27:58.869 align:start position:0%
happen. So Bob does enter the horizon.
 

27:58.869 --> 28:00.780 align:start position:0%
happen. So Bob does enter the horizon.
Bob<00:29:44.000><c> does</c><00:29:44.320><c> say</c><00:29:44.480><c> goodbye.</c><00:29:45.120><c> And</c><00:29:45.279><c> everything</c>

28:00.780 --> 28:00.790 align:start position:0%
Bob does say goodbye. And everything
 

28:00.790 --> 28:03.500 align:start position:0%
Bob does say goodbye. And everything
that<00:29:45.760><c> Bob</c><00:29:46.080><c> does</c><00:29:46.240><c> inside</c><00:29:47.120><c> happen</c><00:29:47.840><c> even</c><00:29:48.080><c> from</c>

28:03.500 --> 28:03.510 align:start position:0%
that Bob does inside happen even from
 

28:03.510 --> 28:05.900 align:start position:0%
that Bob does inside happen even from
Alice's<00:29:48.880><c> perspective</c><00:29:49.360><c> because</c><00:29:49.600><c> they</c><00:29:49.919><c> exist</c>

28:05.900 --> 28:05.910 align:start position:0%
Alice's perspective because they exist
 

28:05.910 --> 28:08.459 align:start position:0%
Alice's perspective because they exist
from<00:29:51.039><c> Alice's</c><00:29:51.679><c> perspective.</c>

28:08.459 --> 28:08.469 align:start position:0%
from Alice's perspective.
 

28:08.469 --> 28:12.219 align:start position:0%
from Alice's perspective.
But<00:29:53.520><c> wait,</c><00:29:53.840><c> Rener,</c><00:29:55.120><c> if</c><00:29:55.440><c> that</c><00:29:55.760><c> event</c><00:29:56.159><c> happens,</c>

28:12.219 --> 28:12.229 align:start position:0%
But wait, Rener, if that event happens,
 

28:12.229 --> 28:15.979 align:start position:0%
But wait, Rener, if that event happens,
when<00:29:57.600><c> does</c><00:29:57.840><c> it</c><00:29:58.080><c> happen</c><00:29:58.799><c> according</c><00:29:59.120><c> to</c><00:29:59.279><c> Alice?</c>

28:15.979 --> 28:15.989 align:start position:0%
when does it happen according to Alice?
 

28:15.989 --> 28:19.500 align:start position:0%
when does it happen according to Alice?
And<00:30:01.279><c> Rindler</c><00:30:01.840><c> says</c><00:30:02.720><c> never.</c>

28:19.500 --> 28:19.510 align:start position:0%
And Rindler says never.
 

28:19.510 --> 28:24.219 align:start position:0%
And Rindler says never.
What?<00:30:05.600><c> Never</c><00:30:06.480><c> in</c><00:30:06.799><c> her</c><00:30:07.200><c> timeline.</c>

28:24.219 --> 28:24.229 align:start position:0%
What? Never in her timeline.
 

28:24.229 --> 28:29.339 align:start position:0%
What? Never in her timeline.
Okay.<00:30:10.240><c> Oh,</c><00:30:11.279><c> okay.</c><00:30:12.559><c> I</c><00:30:12.960><c> think</c><00:30:13.200><c> I</c><00:30:13.520><c> finally</c>

28:29.339 --> 28:29.349 align:start position:0%
Okay. Oh, okay. I think I finally
 

28:29.349 --> 28:31.180 align:start position:0%
Okay. Oh, okay. I think I finally
understand<00:30:15.039><c> the</c><00:30:15.279><c> source</c><00:30:15.520><c> of</c><00:30:15.679><c> all</c><00:30:15.840><c> the</c>

28:31.180 --> 28:31.190 align:start position:0%
understand the source of all the
 

28:31.190 --> 28:34.140 align:start position:0%
understand the source of all the
confusion.<00:30:16.880><c> Hear</c><00:30:17.039><c> me</c><00:30:17.200><c> out.</c><00:30:17.679><c> Okay.</c><00:30:18.480><c> In</c>

28:34.140 --> 28:34.150 align:start position:0%
confusion. Hear me out. Okay. In
 

28:34.150 --> 28:39.020 align:start position:0%
confusion. Hear me out. Okay. In
everyday<00:30:20.159><c> life,</c><00:30:21.520><c> we</c><00:30:21.840><c> have</c><00:30:22.000><c> only</c><00:30:22.320><c> two</c><00:30:22.559><c> choices.</c>

28:39.020 --> 28:39.030 align:start position:0%
everyday life, we have only two choices.
 

28:39.030 --> 28:42.219 align:start position:0%
everyday life, we have only two choices.
Either<00:30:24.240><c> an</c><00:30:24.559><c> event</c><00:30:24.960><c> exists</c><00:30:25.679><c> and</c><00:30:26.000><c> when</c><00:30:26.240><c> it</c><00:30:26.559><c> does,</c>

28:42.219 --> 28:42.229 align:start position:0%
Either an event exists and when it does,
 

28:42.229 --> 28:44.780 align:start position:0%
Either an event exists and when it does,
it's<00:30:27.360><c> always</c><00:30:27.679><c> a</c><00:30:28.000><c> part</c><00:30:28.159><c> of</c><00:30:28.399><c> our</c><00:30:28.640><c> past,</c><00:30:29.200><c> present,</c>

28:44.780 --> 28:44.790 align:start position:0%
it's always a part of our past, present,
 

28:44.790 --> 28:46.940 align:start position:0%
it's always a part of our past, present,
or<00:30:29.919><c> future.</c><00:30:30.320><c> We</c><00:30:30.480><c> can</c><00:30:30.640><c> always</c><00:30:30.960><c> talk</c><00:30:31.200><c> about</c><00:30:31.520><c> when</c>

28:46.940 --> 28:46.950 align:start position:0%
or future. We can always talk about when
 

28:46.950 --> 28:50.700 align:start position:0%
or future. We can always talk about when
it<00:30:32.000><c> happens.</c><00:30:32.880><c> Okay?</c><00:30:33.840><c> And</c><00:30:34.000><c> in</c><00:30:34.240><c> case</c><00:30:34.720><c> it's</c><00:30:35.120><c> not</c><00:30:35.279><c> a</c>

28:50.700 --> 28:50.710 align:start position:0%
it happens. Okay? And in case it's not a
 

28:50.710 --> 28:53.739 align:start position:0%
it happens. Okay? And in case it's not a
part<00:30:35.679><c> of</c><00:30:35.840><c> our</c><00:30:36.080><c> timeline,</c><00:30:36.960><c> then</c><00:30:37.440><c> those</c><00:30:37.840><c> events</c>

28:53.739 --> 28:53.749 align:start position:0%
part of our timeline, then those events
 

28:53.749 --> 28:57.260 align:start position:0%
part of our timeline, then those events
never<00:30:38.960><c> happen.</c><00:30:39.840><c> They</c><00:30:40.080><c> don't</c><00:30:40.320><c> exist</c><00:30:40.640><c> at</c><00:30:40.880><c> all.</c>

28:57.260 --> 28:57.270 align:start position:0%
never happen. They don't exist at all.
 

28:57.270 --> 28:59.979 align:start position:0%
never happen. They don't exist at all.
This<00:30:42.559><c> is</c><00:30:42.880><c> what</c><00:30:43.200><c> we</c><00:30:43.360><c> have</c><00:30:43.520><c> intuition</c><00:30:44.080><c> for.</c><00:30:44.559><c> This</c>

28:59.979 --> 28:59.989 align:start position:0%
This is what we have intuition for. This
 

28:59.989 --> 29:02.060 align:start position:0%
This is what we have intuition for. This
is<00:30:45.039><c> all</c><00:30:45.279><c> that</c><00:30:45.440><c> we</c><00:30:45.679><c> usually</c><00:30:46.159><c> experience</c><00:30:46.640><c> in</c>

29:02.060 --> 29:02.070 align:start position:0%
is all that we usually experience in
 

29:02.070 --> 29:06.300 align:start position:0%
is all that we usually experience in
everyday<00:30:47.840><c> life.</c><00:30:48.960><c> But</c><00:30:49.279><c> black</c><00:30:49.520><c> holes</c><00:30:50.080><c> force</c><00:30:50.480><c> us</c>

29:06.300 --> 29:06.310 align:start position:0%
everyday life. But black holes force us
 

29:06.310 --> 29:10.300 align:start position:0%
everyday life. But black holes force us
to<00:30:51.440><c> accept</c><00:30:51.919><c> a</c><00:30:52.399><c> third</c><00:30:53.600><c> possibility.</c><00:30:54.799><c> It's</c>

29:10.300 --> 29:10.310 align:start position:0%
to accept a third possibility. It's
 

29:10.310 --> 29:14.219 align:start position:0%
to accept a third possibility. It's
possible<00:30:55.600><c> for</c><00:30:56.000><c> events</c><00:30:56.480><c> to</c><00:30:56.720><c> exist</c>

29:14.219 --> 29:14.229 align:start position:0%
possible for events to exist
 

29:14.229 --> 29:16.940 align:start position:0%
possible for events to exist
but<00:30:59.600><c> not</c><00:30:59.919><c> be</c><00:31:00.159><c> a</c><00:31:00.399><c> part</c><00:31:00.640><c> of</c><00:31:00.799><c> our</c><00:31:01.120><c> past,</c><00:31:01.440><c> present</c>

29:16.940 --> 29:16.950 align:start position:0%
but not be a part of our past, present
 

29:16.950 --> 29:20.219 align:start position:0%
but not be a part of our past, present
or<00:31:02.000><c> future.</c><00:31:02.799><c> It's</c><00:31:03.120><c> possible</c><00:31:04.080><c> for</c><00:31:04.480><c> event</c><00:31:04.799><c> to</c>

29:20.219 --> 29:20.229 align:start position:0%
or future. It's possible for event to
 

29:20.229 --> 29:22.459 align:start position:0%
or future. It's possible for event to
happen<00:31:05.279><c> but</c><00:31:05.520><c> not</c><00:31:05.760><c> be</c><00:31:05.919><c> a</c><00:31:06.080><c> part</c><00:31:06.240><c> of</c><00:31:06.480><c> our</c>

29:22.459 --> 29:22.469 align:start position:0%
happen but not be a part of our
 

29:22.469 --> 29:24.060 align:start position:0%
happen but not be a part of our
timeline.

29:24.060 --> 29:24.070 align:start position:0%
timeline.
 

29:24.070 --> 29:26.859 align:start position:0%
timeline.
And<00:31:09.200><c> this</c><00:31:10.320><c> are</c><00:31:10.480><c> all</c><00:31:10.720><c> these</c><00:31:10.960><c> these</c><00:31:11.279><c> are</c><00:31:11.440><c> all</c><00:31:11.520><c> the</c>

29:26.859 --> 29:26.869 align:start position:0%
And this are all these these are all the
 

29:26.869 --> 29:30.140 align:start position:0%
And this are all these these are all the
events<00:31:12.159><c> inside</c><00:31:12.559><c> the</c><00:31:12.799><c> horizon.</c>

29:30.140 --> 29:30.150 align:start position:0%
events inside the horizon.
 

29:30.150 --> 29:32.459 align:start position:0%
events inside the horizon.
Now<00:31:15.120><c> if</c><00:31:15.360><c> somebody</c><00:31:15.679><c> had</c><00:31:15.919><c> just</c><00:31:16.240><c> told</c><00:31:16.480><c> me</c><00:31:16.720><c> this</c><00:31:17.120><c> I</c>

29:32.459 --> 29:32.469 align:start position:0%
Now if somebody had just told me this I
 

29:32.469 --> 29:34.700 align:start position:0%
Now if somebody had just told me this I
wouldn't<00:31:17.679><c> have</c><00:31:17.840><c> accepted</c><00:31:18.240><c> it.</c><00:31:18.480><c> I</c><00:31:18.640><c> mean</c><00:31:18.799><c> like</c>

29:34.700 --> 29:34.710 align:start position:0%
wouldn't have accepted it. I mean like
 

29:34.710 --> 29:38.459 align:start position:0%
wouldn't have accepted it. I mean like
it<00:31:19.760><c> sounds</c><00:31:20.080><c> cool</c><00:31:20.480><c> but</c><00:31:20.799><c> come</c><00:31:20.960><c> on.</c><00:31:22.320><c> But</c><00:31:22.559><c> now</c><00:31:22.960><c> we</c>

29:38.459 --> 29:38.469 align:start position:0%
it sounds cool but come on. But now we
 

29:38.469 --> 29:39.739 align:start position:0%
it sounds cool but come on. But now we
are<00:31:23.440><c> seeing</c><00:31:23.600><c> it</c><00:31:23.760><c> right</c><00:31:24.000><c> in</c><00:31:24.159><c> front</c><00:31:24.320><c> of</c><00:31:24.399><c> our</c>

29:39.739 --> 29:39.749 align:start position:0%
are seeing it right in front of our
 

29:39.749 --> 29:42.620 align:start position:0%
are seeing it right in front of our
eyes.<00:31:24.880><c> These</c><00:31:25.200><c> events</c><00:31:25.600><c> exist</c><00:31:26.320><c> because</c><00:31:27.039><c> we</c><00:31:27.279><c> all</c>

29:42.620 --> 29:42.630 align:start position:0%
eyes. These events exist because we all
 

29:42.630 --> 29:44.219 align:start position:0%
eyes. These events exist because we all
share<00:31:27.760><c> same</c><00:31:27.919><c> spaceime.</c><00:31:28.399><c> It</c><00:31:28.559><c> exists</c><00:31:28.799><c> for</c>

29:44.219 --> 29:44.229 align:start position:0%
share same spaceime. It exists for
 

29:44.229 --> 29:47.579 align:start position:0%
share same spaceime. It exists for
everyone.<00:31:29.840><c> And</c><00:31:30.000><c> yet</c><00:31:30.640><c> we</c><00:31:30.880><c> cannot</c><00:31:31.440><c> assign</c><00:31:32.080><c> a</c>

29:47.579 --> 29:47.589 align:start position:0%
everyone. And yet we cannot assign a
 

29:47.589 --> 29:49.979 align:start position:0%
everyone. And yet we cannot assign a
coordinate<00:31:32.960><c> to</c><00:31:33.200><c> it</c><00:31:33.679><c> because</c><00:31:33.919><c> Alice's</c><00:31:34.480><c> map</c>

29:49.979 --> 29:49.989 align:start position:0%
coordinate to it because Alice's map
 

29:49.989 --> 29:53.020 align:start position:0%
coordinate to it because Alice's map
doesn't<00:31:35.120><c> extend</c><00:31:35.520><c> to</c><00:31:35.760><c> it.</c><00:31:36.240><c> But</c><00:31:36.480><c> wait,</c><00:31:37.279><c> I</c><00:31:37.600><c> still</c>

29:53.020 --> 29:53.030 align:start position:0%
doesn't extend to it. But wait, I still
 

29:53.030 --> 29:55.979 align:start position:0%
doesn't extend to it. But wait, I still
can't<00:31:38.320><c> reconcile</c><00:31:39.039><c> this</c><00:31:39.279><c> with</c><00:31:39.519><c> the</c><00:31:39.760><c> fact</c><00:31:40.480><c> that</c>

29:55.979 --> 29:55.989 align:start position:0%
can't reconcile this with the fact that
 

29:55.989 --> 29:58.540 align:start position:0%
can't reconcile this with the fact that
it<00:31:41.039><c> takes</c><00:31:41.279><c> an</c><00:31:41.600><c> infinite</c><00:31:42.080><c> amount</c><00:31:42.399><c> of</c><00:31:42.640><c> time</c><00:31:42.960><c> for</c>

29:58.540 --> 29:58.550 align:start position:0%
it takes an infinite amount of time for
 

29:58.550 --> 30:00.620 align:start position:0%
it takes an infinite amount of time for
Bob<00:31:43.679><c> to</c><00:31:43.840><c> enter</c><00:31:44.080><c> the</c><00:31:44.320><c> horizon.</c><00:31:44.720><c> I</c><00:31:44.960><c> mean,</c><00:31:45.200><c> that's</c>

30:00.620 --> 30:00.630 align:start position:0%
Bob to enter the horizon. I mean, that's
 

30:00.630 --> 30:03.099 align:start position:0%
Bob to enter the horizon. I mean, that's
what<00:31:45.679><c> the</c><00:31:45.919><c> map</c><00:31:46.159><c> tells</c><00:31:46.399><c> us,</c><00:31:46.799><c> right?</c><00:31:47.360><c> Alice</c>

30:03.099 --> 30:03.109 align:start position:0%
what the map tells us, right? Alice
 

30:03.109 --> 30:04.780 align:start position:0%
what the map tells us, right? Alice
literally<00:31:48.320><c> has</c><00:31:48.559><c> to</c><00:31:48.720><c> take</c><00:31:48.880><c> an</c><00:31:49.039><c> infinite</c><00:31:49.360><c> amount</c>

30:04.780 --> 30:04.790 align:start position:0%
literally has to take an infinite amount
 

30:04.790 --> 30:06.940 align:start position:0%
literally has to take an infinite amount
of<00:31:49.840><c> time</c><00:31:50.240><c> for</c><00:31:50.559><c> Bob</c><00:31:50.799><c> to</c><00:31:50.960><c> enter</c><00:31:51.200><c> the</c><00:31:51.360><c> horizon.</c>

30:06.940 --> 30:06.950 align:start position:0%
of time for Bob to enter the horizon.
 

30:06.950 --> 30:09.739 align:start position:0%
of time for Bob to enter the horizon.
So,<00:31:52.000><c> how</c><00:31:52.960><c> how</c><00:31:53.279><c> can</c><00:31:53.440><c> I</c><00:31:53.679><c> reconcile</c><00:31:54.159><c> with</c><00:31:54.399><c> the</c>

30:09.739 --> 30:09.749 align:start position:0%
So, how how can I reconcile with the
 

30:09.749 --> 30:12.540 align:start position:0%
So, how how can I reconcile with the
fact<00:31:55.039><c> that</c><00:31:55.360><c> events</c><00:31:55.760><c> do</c><00:31:56.000><c> happen?</c><00:31:56.640><c> Like</c><00:31:57.039><c> I</c><00:31:57.279><c> am</c>

30:12.540 --> 30:12.550 align:start position:0%
fact that events do happen? Like I am
 

30:12.550 --> 30:14.620 align:start position:0%
fact that events do happen? Like I am
not<00:31:57.519><c> able</c><00:31:57.679><c> to</c><00:31:57.919><c> put</c><00:31:58.080><c> it</c><00:31:58.240><c> all</c><00:31:58.399><c> together.</c><00:31:59.200><c> And</c>

30:14.620 --> 30:14.630 align:start position:0%
not able to put it all together. And
 

30:14.630 --> 30:16.780 align:start position:0%
not able to put it all together. And
Brindler<00:31:59.919><c> says</c><00:32:00.640><c> actually</c><00:32:00.960><c> Mahesh,</c><00:32:01.360><c> it's</c>

30:16.780 --> 30:16.790 align:start position:0%
Brindler says actually Mahesh, it's
 

30:16.790 --> 30:19.500 align:start position:0%
Brindler says actually Mahesh, it's
quite<00:32:01.760><c> easy.</c><00:32:03.120><c> Remember</c><00:32:03.519><c> what</c><00:32:03.760><c> we</c><00:32:03.919><c> learn</c><00:32:04.080><c> about</c>

30:19.500 --> 30:19.510 align:start position:0%
quite easy. Remember what we learn about
 

30:19.510 --> 30:21.020 align:start position:0%
quite easy. Remember what we learn about
simultaneity.

30:21.020 --> 30:21.030 align:start position:0%
simultaneity.
 

30:21.030 --> 30:23.339 align:start position:0%
simultaneity.
The<00:32:06.080><c> idea</c><00:32:06.399><c> of</c><00:32:06.559><c> what's</c><00:32:06.799><c> happening</c><00:32:07.120><c> now</c><00:32:07.840><c> far</c>

30:23.339 --> 30:23.349 align:start position:0%
The idea of what's happening now far
 

30:23.349 --> 30:27.820 align:start position:0%
The idea of what's happening now far
away<00:32:09.120><c> has</c><00:32:09.440><c> no</c><00:32:10.159><c> physical</c><00:32:11.039><c> significance.</c><00:32:12.480><c> Which</c>

30:27.820 --> 30:27.830 align:start position:0%
away has no physical significance. Which
 

30:27.830 --> 30:29.180 align:start position:0%
away has no physical significance. Which
means<00:32:12.960><c> even</c><00:32:13.120><c> though</c><00:32:13.360><c> from</c><00:32:13.519><c> Alice's</c>

30:29.180 --> 30:29.190 align:start position:0%
means even though from Alice's
 

30:29.190 --> 30:30.859 align:start position:0%
means even though from Alice's
perspective<00:32:14.399><c> it</c><00:32:14.559><c> takes</c><00:32:14.799><c> infinite</c><00:32:15.200><c> time</c><00:32:15.360><c> for</c>

30:30.859 --> 30:30.869 align:start position:0%
perspective it takes infinite time for
 

30:30.869 --> 30:33.260 align:start position:0%
perspective it takes infinite time for
Bob<00:32:16.000><c> to</c><00:32:16.159><c> enter</c><00:32:16.399><c> the</c><00:32:16.559><c> horizon,</c>

30:33.260 --> 30:33.270 align:start position:0%
Bob to enter the horizon,
 

30:33.270 --> 30:38.060 align:start position:0%
Bob to enter the horizon,
it<00:32:18.399><c> it</c><00:32:18.640><c> carries</c><00:32:19.039><c> no</c><00:32:19.679><c> real</c><00:32:20.640><c> meaning.</c>

30:38.060 --> 30:38.070 align:start position:0%
it it carries no real meaning.
 

30:38.070 --> 30:40.859 align:start position:0%
it it carries no real meaning.
Okay,<00:32:23.519><c> I</c><00:32:23.760><c> find</c><00:32:23.919><c> that</c><00:32:24.159><c> hard</c><00:32:24.399><c> to</c><00:32:24.559><c> accept.</c><00:32:25.519><c> And</c>

30:40.859 --> 30:40.869 align:start position:0%
Okay, I find that hard to accept. And
 

30:40.869 --> 30:43.500 align:start position:0%
Okay, I find that hard to accept. And
Rler<00:32:26.159><c> says,</c><00:32:26.320><c> "All</c><00:32:26.559><c> right,</c><00:32:27.120><c> suppose</c><00:32:27.519><c> you</c><00:32:27.840><c> truly</c>

30:43.500 --> 30:43.510 align:start position:0%
Rler says, "All right, suppose you truly
 

30:43.510 --> 30:46.219 align:start position:0%
Rler says, "All right, suppose you truly
believe<00:32:29.039><c> that</c><00:32:29.440><c> Bob</c><00:32:29.840><c> will</c><00:32:30.159><c> never</c><00:32:30.559><c> enter</c><00:32:30.799><c> the</c>

30:46.219 --> 30:46.229 align:start position:0%
believe that Bob will never enter the
 

30:46.229 --> 30:49.099 align:start position:0%
believe that Bob will never enter the
horizon,<00:32:31.760><c> that</c><00:32:32.000><c> Bob</c><00:32:32.320><c> is</c><00:32:32.720><c> always</c><00:32:33.279><c> outside</c><00:32:33.679><c> the</c>

30:49.099 --> 30:49.109 align:start position:0%
horizon, that Bob is always outside the
 

30:49.109 --> 30:52.620 align:start position:0%
horizon, that Bob is always outside the
horizon<00:32:35.279><c> as</c><00:32:35.519><c> far</c><00:32:35.679><c> as</c><00:32:35.760><c> Alice</c><00:32:36.159><c> is</c><00:32:36.320><c> concerned."</c>

30:52.620 --> 30:52.630 align:start position:0%
horizon as far as Alice is concerned."
 

30:52.630 --> 30:55.579 align:start position:0%
horizon as far as Alice is concerned."
Then<00:32:37.600><c> that</c><00:32:37.840><c> would</c><00:32:38.080><c> also</c><00:32:38.480><c> mean</c><00:32:39.440><c> that</c><00:32:39.840><c> we</c><00:32:40.080><c> can</c><00:32:40.240><c> go</c>

30:55.579 --> 30:55.589 align:start position:0%
Then that would also mean that we can go
 

30:55.589 --> 30:59.099 align:start position:0%
Then that would also mean that we can go
and<00:32:40.720><c> rescue</c><00:32:41.279><c> Bob</c><00:32:41.919><c> anytime</c><00:32:42.480><c> in</c><00:32:42.720><c> the</c><00:32:42.880><c> future,</c>

30:59.099 --> 30:59.109 align:start position:0%
and rescue Bob anytime in the future,
 

30:59.109 --> 31:00.780 align:start position:0%
and rescue Bob anytime in the future,
right?<00:32:44.399><c> Like</c><00:32:44.640><c> that's</c><00:32:44.880><c> the</c><00:32:45.039><c> literal</c><00:32:45.440><c> meaning</c>

31:00.780 --> 31:00.790 align:start position:0%
right? Like that's the literal meaning
 

31:00.790 --> 31:02.459 align:start position:0%
right? Like that's the literal meaning
of<00:32:45.760><c> that</c><00:32:46.000><c> statement.</c><00:32:46.399><c> He's</c><00:32:46.640><c> always</c><00:32:46.960><c> outside</c>

31:02.459 --> 31:02.469 align:start position:0%
of that statement. He's always outside
 

31:02.469 --> 31:04.859 align:start position:0%
of that statement. He's always outside
the<00:32:47.519><c> horizon.</c><00:32:48.640><c> And</c><00:32:48.799><c> I</c><00:32:48.960><c> say,</c><00:32:49.039><c> "Yeah,</c><00:32:49.440><c> that</c>

31:04.859 --> 31:04.869 align:start position:0%
the horizon. And I say, "Yeah, that
 

31:04.869 --> 31:07.979 align:start position:0%
the horizon. And I say, "Yeah, that
makes<00:32:49.919><c> sense."</c><00:32:51.039><c> Rner</c><00:32:51.519><c> says,</c><00:32:51.919><c> "Let's</c><00:32:52.399><c> test</c><00:32:52.640><c> it</c>

31:07.979 --> 31:07.989 align:start position:0%
makes sense." Rner says, "Let's test it
 

31:07.989 --> 31:10.699 align:start position:0%
makes sense." Rner says, "Let's test it
out.<00:32:53.039><c> Let's</c><00:32:53.360><c> see</c><00:32:53.440><c> if</c><00:32:53.760><c> Alice</c><00:32:54.159><c> can</c><00:32:54.559><c> always</c><00:32:55.200><c> save</c>

31:10.699 --> 31:10.709 align:start position:0%
out. Let's see if Alice can always save
 

31:10.709 --> 31:12.540 align:start position:0%
out. Let's see if Alice can always save
Bob<00:32:55.840><c> anytime</c><00:32:56.159><c> in</c><00:32:56.399><c> the</c><00:32:56.480><c> future</c><00:32:56.720><c> because</c><00:32:57.039><c> it's</c>

31:12.540 --> 31:12.550 align:start position:0%
Bob anytime in the future because it's
 

31:12.550 --> 31:15.820 align:start position:0%
Bob anytime in the future because it's
always<00:32:58.240><c> outside</c><00:32:58.640><c> the</c><00:32:58.880><c> horizon.</c><00:33:00.000><c> So,</c><00:33:00.240><c> let's</c><00:33:00.480><c> go</c>

31:15.820 --> 31:15.830 align:start position:0%
always outside the horizon. So, let's go
 

31:15.830 --> 31:18.859 align:start position:0%
always outside the horizon. So, let's go
back<00:33:00.799><c> over</c><00:33:01.039><c> here.</c><00:33:01.840><c> How</c><00:33:02.080><c> do</c><00:33:02.240><c> we</c><00:33:02.559><c> check</c><00:33:02.799><c> this?</c>

31:18.859 --> 31:18.869 align:start position:0%
back over here. How do we check this?
 

31:18.869 --> 31:21.900 align:start position:0%
back over here. How do we check this?
Well,<00:33:04.080><c> let's</c><00:33:04.320><c> say</c><00:33:04.720><c> Alice</c><00:33:05.039><c> is</c><00:33:05.279><c> over</c><00:33:05.440><c> here.</c><00:33:06.480><c> Can</c>

31:21.900 --> 31:21.910 align:start position:0%
Well, let's say Alice is over here. Can
 

31:21.910 --> 31:23.660 align:start position:0%
Well, let's say Alice is over here. Can
she<00:33:06.960><c> save</c><00:33:07.200><c> Bob</c><00:33:07.600><c> now</c><00:33:07.760><c> from</c><00:33:08.000><c> entering</c><00:33:08.320><c> the</c>

31:23.660 --> 31:23.670 align:start position:0%
she save Bob now from entering the
 

31:23.670 --> 31:25.820 align:start position:0%
she save Bob now from entering the
horizon?<00:33:09.200><c> To</c><00:33:09.440><c> answer</c><00:33:09.679><c> that</c><00:33:09.919><c> question,</c><00:33:10.240><c> all</c><00:33:10.399><c> we</c>

31:25.820 --> 31:25.830 align:start position:0%
horizon? To answer that question, all we
 

31:25.830 --> 31:28.380 align:start position:0%
horizon? To answer that question, all we
have<00:33:10.720><c> to</c><00:33:10.880><c> make</c><00:33:11.039><c> sure</c><00:33:11.360><c> is</c><00:33:12.000><c> whether</c><00:33:12.399><c> Bob's</c><00:33:12.960><c> world</c>

31:28.380 --> 31:28.390 align:start position:0%
have to make sure is whether Bob's world
 

31:28.390 --> 31:31.739 align:start position:0%
have to make sure is whether Bob's world
line<00:33:13.679><c> outside</c><00:33:14.240><c> the</c><00:33:14.480><c> horizon</c><00:33:15.120><c> intersects</c><00:33:15.919><c> with</c>

31:31.739 --> 31:31.749 align:start position:0%
line outside the horizon intersects with
 

31:31.749 --> 31:34.540 align:start position:0%
line outside the horizon intersects with
Alice's<00:33:17.519><c> future.</c><00:33:18.080><c> Is</c><00:33:18.240><c> it</c><00:33:18.399><c> a</c><00:33:18.559><c> part</c><00:33:18.720><c> of</c><00:33:18.880><c> Alice's</c>

31:34.540 --> 31:34.550 align:start position:0%
Alice's future. Is it a part of Alice's
 

31:34.550 --> 31:37.099 align:start position:0%
Alice's future. Is it a part of Alice's
future<00:33:19.679><c> light</c><00:33:19.919><c> cone?</c><00:33:20.720><c> So</c><00:33:21.519><c> let's</c><00:33:21.760><c> just</c>

31:37.099 --> 31:37.109 align:start position:0%
future light cone? So let's just
 

31:37.109 --> 31:39.020 align:start position:0%
future light cone? So let's just
concentrate<00:33:22.320><c> on</c><00:33:22.480><c> this</c><00:33:22.720><c> world</c><00:33:22.960><c> line</c><00:33:23.360><c> and</c><00:33:23.600><c> let's</c>

31:39.020 --> 31:39.030 align:start position:0%
concentrate on this world line and let's
 

31:39.030 --> 31:41.260 align:start position:0%
concentrate on this world line and let's
look<00:33:23.919><c> at</c><00:33:24.080><c> Alice's</c><00:33:24.559><c> future</c><00:33:24.799><c> light</c><00:33:25.039><c> cone</c><00:33:25.519><c> and</c><00:33:25.840><c> we</c>

31:41.260 --> 31:41.270 align:start position:0%
look at Alice's future light cone and we
 

31:41.270 --> 31:43.979 align:start position:0%
look at Alice's future light cone and we
immediately<00:33:26.720><c> see</c><00:33:27.279><c> nope</c><00:33:28.080><c> this</c><00:33:28.240><c> is</c><00:33:28.399><c> not</c><00:33:28.480><c> a</c><00:33:28.640><c> part</c>

31:43.979 --> 31:43.989 align:start position:0%
immediately see nope this is not a part
 

31:43.989 --> 31:47.260 align:start position:0%
immediately see nope this is not a part
of<00:33:28.960><c> her</c><00:33:29.120><c> future.</c><00:33:29.679><c> So</c><00:33:29.919><c> she</c><00:33:30.159><c> cannot</c><00:33:30.799><c> rescue</c><00:33:31.679><c> Bob</c>

31:47.260 --> 31:47.270 align:start position:0%
of her future. So she cannot rescue Bob
 

31:47.270 --> 31:50.300 align:start position:0%
of her future. So she cannot rescue Bob
anymore<00:33:33.120><c> even</c><00:33:33.360><c> though</c><00:33:33.600><c> her</c><00:33:33.840><c> sim</c><00:33:34.399><c> simultaneity</c>

31:50.300 --> 31:50.310 align:start position:0%
anymore even though her sim simultaneity
 

31:50.310 --> 31:52.780 align:start position:0%
anymore even though her sim simultaneity
tells<00:33:35.279><c> her</c><00:33:35.440><c> that</c><00:33:35.600><c> Bob</c><00:33:35.919><c> is</c><00:33:36.080><c> outside</c><00:33:37.120><c> she</c><00:33:37.360><c> can't</c>

31:52.780 --> 31:52.790 align:start position:0%
tells her that Bob is outside she can't
 

31:52.790 --> 31:55.900 align:start position:0%
tells her that Bob is outside she can't
rescue<00:33:38.000><c> him.</c>

31:55.900 --> 31:55.910 align:start position:0%
rescue him.
 

31:55.910 --> 31:59.660 align:start position:0%
rescue him.
In<00:33:40.960><c> fact,</c><00:33:41.600><c> we</c><00:33:41.919><c> cannot</c><00:33:42.640><c> draw</c><00:33:42.960><c> a</c><00:33:43.279><c> 45</c><00:33:43.760><c> degree</c><00:33:44.159><c> line</c>

31:59.660 --> 31:59.670 align:start position:0%
In fact, we cannot draw a 45 degree line
 

31:59.670 --> 32:01.820 align:start position:0%
In fact, we cannot draw a 45 degree line
from<00:33:44.720><c> here</c><00:33:45.039><c> and</c><00:33:45.440><c> realize</c><00:33:45.760><c> that</c><00:33:46.000><c> this</c><00:33:46.240><c> is</c><00:33:46.399><c> the</c>

32:01.820 --> 32:01.830 align:start position:0%
from here and realize that this is the
 

32:01.830 --> 32:06.620 align:start position:0%
from here and realize that this is the
threshold.<00:33:47.919><c> As</c><00:33:48.240><c> long</c><00:33:48.480><c> as</c><00:33:48.960><c> Alice</c><00:33:49.440><c> is</c><00:33:50.320><c> past</c><00:33:51.200><c> this</c>

32:06.620 --> 32:06.630 align:start position:0%
threshold. As long as Alice is past this
 

32:06.630 --> 32:08.780 align:start position:0%
threshold. As long as Alice is past this
particular<00:33:51.919><c> point,</c><00:33:52.480><c> she</c><00:33:52.799><c> can</c><00:33:52.960><c> never</c><00:33:53.279><c> save</c>

32:08.780 --> 32:08.790 align:start position:0%
particular point, she can never save
 

32:08.790 --> 32:12.300 align:start position:0%
particular point, she can never save
him.<00:33:54.399><c> But</c><00:33:54.559><c> if</c><00:33:54.799><c> Alice</c><00:33:55.279><c> is</c><00:33:55.760><c> below</c><00:33:56.799><c> that</c>

32:12.300 --> 32:12.310 align:start position:0%
him. But if Alice is below that
 

32:12.310 --> 32:15.420 align:start position:0%
him. But if Alice is below that
threshold,<00:33:58.000><c> then</c><00:33:58.240><c> look,</c><00:33:58.880><c> she</c><00:33:59.279><c> can</c><00:33:59.679><c> save</c><00:34:00.000><c> him</c>

32:15.420 --> 32:15.430 align:start position:0%
threshold, then look, she can save him
 

32:15.430 --> 32:18.459 align:start position:0%
threshold, then look, she can save him
because<00:34:00.480><c> she</c><00:34:00.799><c> can</c><00:34:01.279><c> reach</c><00:34:01.600><c> to</c><00:34:01.760><c> him</c><00:34:02.240><c> before</c><00:34:02.559><c> he</c>

32:18.459 --> 32:18.469 align:start position:0%
because she can reach to him before he
 

32:18.469 --> 32:22.140 align:start position:0%
because she can reach to him before he
enters<00:34:03.840><c> the</c><00:34:04.159><c> horizon.</c><00:34:05.360><c> So,</c><00:34:06.000><c> this</c><00:34:06.480><c> really</c>

32:22.140 --> 32:22.150 align:start position:0%
enters the horizon. So, this really
 

32:22.150 --> 32:25.180 align:start position:0%
enters the horizon. So, this really
represents<00:34:07.440><c> the</c><00:34:07.760><c> last</c><00:34:08.079><c> chance</c><00:34:08.560><c> to</c><00:34:08.960><c> rescue</c>

32:25.180 --> 32:25.190 align:start position:0%
represents the last chance to rescue
 

32:25.190 --> 32:28.380 align:start position:0%
represents the last chance to rescue
Bob.

32:28.380 --> 32:28.390 align:start position:0%
 
 

32:28.390 --> 32:31.980 align:start position:0%
 
This<00:34:14.320><c> totally</c><00:34:14.879><c> convinced</c><00:34:15.359><c> me.</c><00:34:16.079><c> I</c><00:34:16.320><c> mean,</c><00:34:16.480><c> if</c>

32:31.980 --> 32:31.990 align:start position:0%
This totally convinced me. I mean, if
 

32:31.990 --> 32:36.140 align:start position:0%
This totally convinced me. I mean, if
Bob<00:34:17.119><c> was</c><00:34:17.440><c> truly</c><00:34:18.079><c> out</c><00:34:18.399><c> there</c><00:34:19.599><c> always,</c><00:34:20.560><c> then</c><00:34:20.800><c> we</c>

32:36.140 --> 32:36.150 align:start position:0%
Bob was truly out there always, then we
 

32:36.150 --> 32:37.500 align:start position:0%
Bob was truly out there always, then we
should<00:34:21.119><c> have</c><00:34:21.280><c> been</c><00:34:21.440><c> able</c><00:34:21.599><c> to</c><00:34:21.679><c> rescue</c><00:34:22.079><c> him</c>

32:37.500 --> 32:37.510 align:start position:0%
should have been able to rescue him
 

32:37.510 --> 32:41.099 align:start position:0%
should have been able to rescue him
always.<00:34:23.200><c> But</c><00:34:23.359><c> notice,</c><00:34:23.839><c> we</c><00:34:24.159><c> can't.</c><00:34:25.119><c> So,</c><00:34:25.440><c> that</c>

32:41.099 --> 32:41.109 align:start position:0%
always. But notice, we can't. So, that
 

32:41.109 --> 32:43.420 align:start position:0%
always. But notice, we can't. So, that
clearly<00:34:26.399><c> tells</c><00:34:26.720><c> me,</c><00:34:26.879><c> and</c><00:34:27.440><c> I</c><00:34:27.760><c> am</c><00:34:27.919><c> able</c><00:34:28.079><c> to</c>

32:43.420 --> 32:43.430 align:start position:0%
clearly tells me, and I am able to
 

32:43.430 --> 32:45.819 align:start position:0%
clearly tells me, and I am able to
accept<00:34:28.480><c> it,</c><00:34:28.720><c> that</c><00:34:28.960><c> that's</c><00:34:29.679><c> that</c><00:34:30.000><c> carries</c><00:34:30.399><c> no</c>

32:45.819 --> 32:45.829 align:start position:0%
accept it, that that's that carries no
 

32:45.829 --> 32:48.299 align:start position:0%
accept it, that that's that carries no
physical<00:34:31.280><c> meaning.</c><00:34:32.159><c> So,</c><00:34:32.399><c> we</c><00:34:32.560><c> shouldn't</c><00:34:32.879><c> we</c>

32:48.299 --> 32:48.309 align:start position:0%
physical meaning. So, we shouldn't we
 

32:48.309 --> 32:51.740 align:start position:0%
physical meaning. So, we shouldn't we
should<00:34:33.359><c> stop</c><00:34:33.919><c> taking</c><00:34:34.240><c> it</c><00:34:35.040><c> literally.</c>

32:51.740 --> 32:51.750 align:start position:0%
should stop taking it literally.
 

32:51.750 --> 32:55.980 align:start position:0%
should stop taking it literally.
I<00:34:36.879><c> love</c><00:34:37.119><c> this</c><00:34:37.359><c> map.</c>

32:55.980 --> 32:55.990 align:start position:0%
 
 

32:55.990 --> 32:58.299 align:start position:0%
 
Okay,<00:34:41.679><c> on</c><00:34:41.919><c> to</c><00:34:42.079><c> some</c><00:34:42.320><c> other</c><00:34:42.560><c> confusing</c>

32:58.299 --> 32:58.309 align:start position:0%
Okay, on to some other confusing
 

32:58.309 --> 33:01.180 align:start position:0%
Okay, on to some other confusing
questions.<00:34:44.000><c> If</c><00:34:44.240><c> things</c><00:34:44.639><c> take</c><00:34:44.960><c> infinite</c><00:34:45.520><c> time</c>

33:01.180 --> 33:01.190 align:start position:0%
questions. If things take infinite time
 

33:01.190 --> 33:03.740 align:start position:0%
questions. If things take infinite time
to<00:34:46.240><c> enter</c><00:34:46.560><c> the</c><00:34:46.720><c> horizon,</c><00:34:47.839><c> how</c><00:34:48.079><c> does</c><00:34:48.240><c> a</c><00:34:48.399><c> black</c>

33:03.740 --> 33:03.750 align:start position:0%
to enter the horizon, how does a black
 

33:03.750 --> 33:05.900 align:start position:0%
to enter the horizon, how does a black
hole<00:34:48.800><c> form</c><00:34:49.040><c> in</c><00:34:49.280><c> the</c><00:34:49.359><c> first</c><00:34:49.599><c> place?</c><00:34:50.320><c> Shouldn't</c>

33:05.900 --> 33:05.910 align:start position:0%
hole form in the first place? Shouldn't
 

33:05.910 --> 33:07.740 align:start position:0%
hole form in the first place? Shouldn't
all<00:34:50.879><c> the</c><00:34:51.119><c> material</c><00:34:51.520><c> be</c><00:34:51.760><c> stuck</c><00:34:52.079><c> near</c><00:34:52.320><c> the</c>

33:07.740 --> 33:07.750 align:start position:0%
all the material be stuck near the
 

33:07.750 --> 33:11.819 align:start position:0%
all the material be stuck near the
horizon<00:34:54.000><c> forever?</c><00:34:55.280><c> Well,</c><00:34:55.520><c> again,</c><00:34:56.159><c> let's</c><00:34:56.480><c> go</c>

33:11.819 --> 33:11.829 align:start position:0%
horizon forever? Well, again, let's go
 

33:11.829 --> 33:14.220 align:start position:0%
horizon forever? Well, again, let's go
back<00:34:56.800><c> to</c><00:34:56.960><c> the</c><00:34:57.200><c> map.</c><00:34:57.760><c> Let's</c><00:34:58.000><c> say</c><00:34:58.400><c> we</c><00:34:58.640><c> have</c><00:34:58.800><c> a</c>

33:14.220 --> 33:14.230 align:start position:0%
back to the map. Let's say we have a
 

33:14.230 --> 33:16.220 align:start position:0%
back to the map. Let's say we have a
star.<00:34:59.760><c> Let's</c><00:35:00.000><c> think</c><00:35:00.160><c> about</c><00:35:00.320><c> that</c><00:35:00.560><c> star</c><00:35:00.800><c> before</c>

33:16.220 --> 33:16.230 align:start position:0%
star. Let's think about that star before
 

33:16.230 --> 33:19.340 align:start position:0%
star. Let's think about that star before
it<00:35:01.280><c> forms</c><00:35:01.520><c> a</c><00:35:01.680><c> black</c><00:35:01.920><c> hole.</c><00:35:02.960><c> Now</c><00:35:03.359><c> if</c><00:35:03.599><c> that</c><00:35:03.839><c> star</c>

33:19.340 --> 33:19.350 align:start position:0%
it forms a black hole. Now if that star
 

33:19.350 --> 33:23.019 align:start position:0%
it forms a black hole. Now if that star
is<00:35:04.480><c> stable</c><00:35:05.280><c> then</c><00:35:05.520><c> the</c><00:35:05.680><c> surface</c><00:35:06.240><c> also</c><00:35:06.640><c> is</c><00:35:06.880><c> a</c><00:35:07.440><c> is</c>

33:23.019 --> 33:23.029 align:start position:0%
is stable then the surface also is a is
 

33:23.029 --> 33:24.940 align:start position:0%
is stable then the surface also is a is
also<00:35:08.400><c> the</c><00:35:08.560><c> world</c><00:35:08.800><c> line</c><00:35:08.960><c> of</c><00:35:09.119><c> that</c><00:35:09.280><c> surface</c><00:35:09.520><c> is</c>

33:24.940 --> 33:24.950 align:start position:0%
also the world line of that surface is
 

33:24.950 --> 33:27.340 align:start position:0%
also the world line of that surface is
also<00:35:09.920><c> a</c><00:35:10.079><c> hyperbola.</c><00:35:10.960><c> It's</c><00:35:11.440><c> very</c><00:35:11.760><c> similar</c><00:35:12.000><c> to</c>

33:27.340 --> 33:27.350 align:start position:0%
also a hyperbola. It's very similar to
 

33:27.350 --> 33:28.940 align:start position:0%
also a hyperbola. It's very similar to
hovering.

33:28.940 --> 33:28.950 align:start position:0%
hovering.
 

33:28.950 --> 33:30.779 align:start position:0%
hovering.
And<00:35:13.920><c> now</c><00:35:14.079><c> let's</c><00:35:14.320><c> say</c><00:35:14.400><c> that</c><00:35:14.720><c> here</c><00:35:14.960><c> is</c><00:35:15.200><c> where</c><00:35:15.359><c> it</c>

33:30.779 --> 33:30.789 align:start position:0%
And now let's say that here is where it
 

33:30.789 --> 33:33.660 align:start position:0%
And now let's say that here is where it
starts<00:35:15.920><c> collapsing.</c><00:35:17.280><c> Then</c><00:35:17.599><c> it</c><00:35:17.839><c> starts</c><00:35:18.160><c> going</c>

33:33.660 --> 33:33.670 align:start position:0%
starts collapsing. Then it starts going
 

33:33.670 --> 33:37.340 align:start position:0%
starts collapsing. Then it starts going
inwards<00:35:19.359><c> and</c><00:35:19.599><c> then</c><00:35:19.920><c> eventually</c><00:35:21.119><c> it</c><00:35:21.680><c> becomes</c>

33:37.340 --> 33:37.350 align:start position:0%
inwards and then eventually it becomes
 

33:37.350 --> 33:39.740 align:start position:0%
inwards and then eventually it becomes
smaller<00:35:22.560><c> than</c><00:35:22.800><c> its</c><00:35:23.040><c> own</c><00:35:23.520><c> shore</c><00:35:23.920><c> child</c><00:35:24.240><c> radius.</c>

33:39.740 --> 33:39.750 align:start position:0%
smaller than its own shore child radius.
 

33:39.750 --> 33:41.340 align:start position:0%
smaller than its own shore child radius.
the<00:35:24.800><c> critical</c><00:35:25.119><c> radius</c><00:35:25.440><c> below</c><00:35:25.680><c> which</c><00:35:25.920><c> it</c>

33:41.340 --> 33:41.350 align:start position:0%
the critical radius below which it
 

33:41.350 --> 33:43.660 align:start position:0%
the critical radius below which it
starts<00:35:26.400><c> becoming</c><00:35:26.880><c> a</c><00:35:27.200><c> black</c><00:35:27.440><c> hole</c><00:35:27.920><c> and</c><00:35:28.160><c> that's</c>

33:43.660 --> 33:43.670 align:start position:0%
starts becoming a black hole and that's
 

33:43.670 --> 33:46.380 align:start position:0%
starts becoming a black hole and that's
where<00:35:28.720><c> it</c><00:35:28.960><c> becomes</c><00:35:29.920><c> and</c><00:35:30.240><c> then</c><00:35:30.560><c> the</c><00:35:30.880><c> event</c>

33:46.380 --> 33:46.390 align:start position:0%
where it becomes and then the event
 

33:46.390 --> 33:50.620 align:start position:0%
where it becomes and then the event
horizon<00:35:31.839><c> is</c><00:35:32.160><c> formed</c><00:35:33.599><c> and</c><00:35:34.000><c> again</c><00:35:34.640><c> if</c><00:35:34.880><c> we</c><00:35:35.119><c> draw</c>

33:50.620 --> 33:50.630 align:start position:0%
horizon is formed and again if we draw
 

33:50.630 --> 33:53.420 align:start position:0%
horizon is formed and again if we draw
Bob<00:35:35.760><c> somewhere</c><00:35:36.160><c> over</c><00:35:36.400><c> here</c><00:35:36.720><c> we</c><00:35:37.040><c> can</c><00:35:37.280><c> clearly</c>

33:53.420 --> 33:53.430 align:start position:0%
Bob somewhere over here we can clearly
 

33:53.430 --> 33:55.740 align:start position:0%
Bob somewhere over here we can clearly
see<00:35:38.800><c> the</c><00:35:39.040><c> Bob</c><00:35:39.599><c> you</c><00:35:39.760><c> know</c><00:35:39.839><c> what</c><00:35:40.000><c> are</c><00:35:40.160><c> the</c><00:35:40.240><c> Bob's</c>

33:55.740 --> 33:55.750 align:start position:0%
see the Bob you know what are the Bob's
 

33:55.750 --> 33:58.539 align:start position:0%
see the Bob you know what are the Bob's
op<00:35:40.960><c> um</c><00:35:41.119><c> options</c><00:35:41.920><c> he</c><00:35:42.160><c> can</c><00:35:42.400><c> always</c><00:35:42.800><c> avoid</c><00:35:43.119><c> the</c>

33:58.539 --> 33:58.549 align:start position:0%
op um options he can always avoid the
 

33:58.549 --> 34:01.900 align:start position:0%
op um options he can always avoid the
whole<00:35:43.599><c> thing</c><00:35:43.839><c> and</c><00:35:44.079><c> just</c><00:35:44.400><c> you</c><00:35:44.640><c> know</c><00:35:45.040><c> hover</c><00:35:46.320><c> he</c>

34:01.900 --> 34:01.910 align:start position:0%
whole thing and just you know hover he
 

34:01.910 --> 34:04.620 align:start position:0%
whole thing and just you know hover he
can<00:35:47.040><c> go</c><00:35:47.280><c> and</c><00:35:47.520><c> hit</c><00:35:47.680><c> that</c><00:35:48.000><c> star</c><00:35:48.320><c> over</c><00:35:48.560><c> here</c><00:35:49.200><c> but</c>

34:04.620 --> 34:04.630 align:start position:0%
can go and hit that star over here but
 

34:04.630 --> 34:07.259 align:start position:0%
can go and hit that star over here but
if<00:35:49.599><c> he</c><00:35:49.760><c> takes</c><00:35:49.920><c> a</c><00:35:50.079><c> path</c><00:35:50.400><c> like</c><00:35:50.560><c> this</c><00:35:51.599><c> he</c><00:35:51.839><c> will</c>

34:07.259 --> 34:07.269 align:start position:0%
if he takes a path like this he will
 

34:07.269 --> 34:10.539 align:start position:0%
if he takes a path like this he will
enter<00:35:52.720><c> the</c><00:35:53.040><c> horizon</c><00:35:54.000><c> Again,</c><00:35:54.400><c> from</c><00:35:54.720><c> Alice's</c>

34:10.539 --> 34:10.549 align:start position:0%
enter the horizon Again, from Alice's
 

34:10.549 --> 34:11.900 align:start position:0%
enter the horizon Again, from Alice's
perspective,<00:35:55.920><c> if</c><00:35:56.160><c> you</c><00:35:56.240><c> look</c><00:35:56.400><c> at</c><00:35:56.480><c> our</c>

34:11.900 --> 34:11.910 align:start position:0%
perspective, if you look at our
 

34:11.910 --> 34:14.940 align:start position:0%
perspective, if you look at our
simultaneity<00:35:57.440><c> lines,</c><00:35:58.240><c> it</c><00:35:58.560><c> says</c><00:35:59.119><c> the</c><00:35:59.520><c> event</c>

34:14.940 --> 34:14.950 align:start position:0%
simultaneity lines, it says the event
 

34:14.950 --> 34:17.420 align:start position:0%
simultaneity lines, it says the event
horizon<00:36:00.560><c> takes</c><00:36:00.800><c> an</c><00:36:01.040><c> infinite</c><00:36:01.599><c> amount</c><00:36:01.839><c> of</c><00:36:02.000><c> time</c>

34:17.420 --> 34:17.430 align:start position:0%
horizon takes an infinite amount of time
 

34:17.430 --> 34:20.860 align:start position:0%
horizon takes an infinite amount of time
to<00:36:02.480><c> form</c><00:36:03.440><c> that</c><00:36:03.680><c> all</c><00:36:03.839><c> the</c><00:36:04.079><c> stuff</c><00:36:04.560><c> is</c><00:36:04.960><c> always</c><00:36:05.440><c> out</c>

34:20.860 --> 34:20.870 align:start position:0%
to form that all the stuff is always out
 

34:20.870 --> 34:23.019 align:start position:0%
to form that all the stuff is always out
there.<00:36:06.000><c> It</c><00:36:06.240><c> never</c><00:36:06.560><c> reaches</c><00:36:06.880><c> the</c><00:36:07.119><c> horizon.</c><00:36:07.599><c> The</c>

34:23.019 --> 34:23.029 align:start position:0%
there. It never reaches the horizon. The
 

34:23.029 --> 34:25.740 align:start position:0%
there. It never reaches the horizon. The
horizon<00:36:08.240><c> never</c><00:36:08.560><c> forms</c><00:36:09.520><c> according</c><00:36:09.920><c> to</c><00:36:10.079><c> her.</c>

34:25.740 --> 34:25.750 align:start position:0%
horizon never forms according to her.
 

34:25.750 --> 34:28.220 align:start position:0%
horizon never forms according to her.
But<00:36:10.800><c> that</c><00:36:11.200><c> statement</c><00:36:11.760><c> carries</c><00:36:12.160><c> no</c><00:36:12.560><c> physical</c>

34:28.220 --> 34:28.230 align:start position:0%
But that statement carries no physical
 

34:28.230 --> 34:29.820 align:start position:0%
But that statement carries no physical
meaning<00:36:13.760><c> because</c><00:36:14.079><c> remember</c><00:36:14.400><c> what's</c>

34:29.820 --> 34:29.830 align:start position:0%
meaning because remember what's
 

34:29.830 --> 34:31.980 align:start position:0%
meaning because remember what's
happening<00:36:14.960><c> right</c><00:36:15.200><c> now</c><00:36:15.680><c> far</c><00:36:16.000><c> away</c><00:36:16.240><c> carries</c><00:36:16.640><c> no</c>

34:31.980 --> 34:31.990 align:start position:0%
happening right now far away carries no
 

34:31.990 --> 34:34.539 align:start position:0%
happening right now far away carries no
physical<00:36:17.200><c> meaning.</c><00:36:17.760><c> So</c><00:36:18.000><c> if</c><00:36:18.160><c> she</c><00:36:18.320><c> drops</c><00:36:18.640><c> Bob,</c>

34:34.539 --> 34:34.549 align:start position:0%
physical meaning. So if she drops Bob,
 

34:34.549 --> 34:37.019 align:start position:0%
physical meaning. So if she drops Bob,
Bob<00:36:19.760><c> can</c><00:36:20.000><c> certainly</c><00:36:20.480><c> enter</c><00:36:20.720><c> the</c><00:36:20.960><c> horizon</c><00:36:21.599><c> and</c>

34:37.019 --> 34:37.029 align:start position:0%
Bob can certainly enter the horizon and
 

34:37.029 --> 34:39.100 align:start position:0%
Bob can certainly enter the horizon and
she<00:36:22.079><c> too</c><00:36:22.400><c> can</c><00:36:22.640><c> certainly</c><00:36:23.040><c> enter</c><00:36:23.280><c> the</c><00:36:23.440><c> horizon</c>

34:39.100 --> 34:39.110 align:start position:0%
she too can certainly enter the horizon
 

34:39.110 --> 34:41.340 align:start position:0%
she too can certainly enter the horizon
and<00:36:24.240><c> check</c><00:36:24.480><c> for</c><00:36:24.640><c> herself,</c><00:36:25.359><c> the</c><00:36:25.599><c> horizon</c><00:36:26.000><c> will</c>

34:41.340 --> 34:41.350 align:start position:0%
and check for herself, the horizon will
 

34:41.350 --> 34:43.820 align:start position:0%
and check for herself, the horizon will
exist.

34:43.820 --> 34:43.830 align:start position:0%
exist.
 

34:43.830 --> 34:46.940 align:start position:0%
exist.
What<00:36:28.880><c> about</c><00:36:29.440><c> black</c><00:36:29.680><c> hole</c><00:36:30.000><c> evaporation?</c>

34:46.940 --> 34:46.950 align:start position:0%
What about black hole evaporation?
 

34:46.950 --> 34:48.700 align:start position:0%
What about black hole evaporation?
Because<00:36:32.000><c> another</c><00:36:32.400><c> confusion</c><00:36:32.800><c> we</c><00:36:32.960><c> have</c><00:36:33.119><c> is</c><00:36:33.280><c> if</c>

34:48.700 --> 34:48.710 align:start position:0%
Because another confusion we have is if
 

34:48.710 --> 34:50.620 align:start position:0%
Because another confusion we have is if
it<00:36:33.680><c> takes</c><00:36:33.839><c> infinite</c><00:36:34.320><c> amount</c><00:36:34.480><c> of</c><00:36:34.640><c> time</c><00:36:34.880><c> for</c><00:36:35.119><c> Bob</c>

34:50.620 --> 34:50.630 align:start position:0%
it takes infinite amount of time for Bob
 

34:50.630 --> 34:52.700 align:start position:0%
it takes infinite amount of time for Bob
to<00:36:35.599><c> fall</c><00:36:35.839><c> through</c><00:36:36.000><c> the</c><00:36:36.240><c> horizon</c><00:36:36.880><c> and</c><00:36:37.040><c> we</c><00:36:37.280><c> know</c>

34:52.700 --> 34:52.710 align:start position:0%
to fall through the horizon and we know
 

34:52.710 --> 34:54.299 align:start position:0%
to fall through the horizon and we know
according<00:36:37.920><c> to</c><00:36:38.000><c> our</c><00:36:38.240><c> current</c><00:36:38.480><c> models</c><00:36:38.800><c> that</c>

34:54.299 --> 34:54.309 align:start position:0%
according to our current models that
 

34:54.309 --> 34:58.060 align:start position:0%
according to our current models that
black<00:36:39.280><c> holes</c><00:36:39.680><c> can</c><00:36:40.000><c> evaporate</c><00:36:41.280><c> in</c><00:36:41.599><c> finite</c><00:36:42.160><c> time</c>

34:58.060 --> 34:58.070 align:start position:0%
black holes can evaporate in finite time
 

34:58.070 --> 35:00.460 align:start position:0%
black holes can evaporate in finite time
horrendous<00:36:43.520><c> amount</c><00:36:43.760><c> of</c><00:36:43.920><c> finite</c><00:36:44.320><c> time</c><00:36:44.880><c> but</c>

35:00.460 --> 35:00.470 align:start position:0%
horrendous amount of finite time but
 

35:00.470 --> 35:02.700 align:start position:0%
horrendous amount of finite time but
nevertheless<00:36:45.920><c> finite</c><00:36:46.320><c> amount</c><00:36:46.480><c> of</c><00:36:46.720><c> time</c>

35:02.700 --> 35:02.710 align:start position:0%
nevertheless finite amount of time
 

35:02.710 --> 35:04.460 align:start position:0%
nevertheless finite amount of time
shouldn't<00:36:47.920><c> the</c><00:36:48.079><c> black</c><00:36:48.240><c> hole</c><00:36:48.560><c> evaporate</c>

35:04.460 --> 35:04.470 align:start position:0%
shouldn't the black hole evaporate
 

35:04.470 --> 35:07.420 align:start position:0%
shouldn't the black hole evaporate
before<00:36:50.320><c> Bob</c><00:36:50.720><c> enters</c>

35:07.420 --> 35:07.430 align:start position:0%
before Bob enters
 

35:07.430 --> 35:10.700 align:start position:0%
before Bob enters
let's<00:36:52.560><c> see</c><00:36:53.760><c> suppose</c><00:36:54.720><c> the</c><00:36:54.960><c> black</c><00:36:55.200><c> hole</c>

35:10.700 --> 35:10.710 align:start position:0%
let's see suppose the black hole
 

35:10.710 --> 35:13.259 align:start position:0%
let's see suppose the black hole
evaporation<00:36:56.320><c> event</c><00:36:56.720><c> happens</c><00:36:57.119><c> somewhere</c><00:36:57.760><c> over</c>

35:13.259 --> 35:13.269 align:start position:0%
evaporation event happens somewhere over
 

35:13.269 --> 35:16.140 align:start position:0%
evaporation event happens somewhere over
here<00:36:59.040><c> now</c><00:36:59.280><c> honestly</c><00:36:59.760><c> I</c><00:37:00.000><c> have</c><00:37:00.160><c> no</c><00:37:00.400><c> idea</c><00:37:00.720><c> what's</c>

35:16.140 --> 35:16.150 align:start position:0%
here now honestly I have no idea what's
 

35:16.150 --> 35:17.900 align:start position:0%
here now honestly I have no idea what's
going<00:37:01.040><c> to</c><00:37:01.200><c> happen</c><00:37:01.440><c> beyond</c><00:37:01.760><c> this</c><00:37:02.079><c> point</c><00:37:02.320><c> to</c><00:37:02.560><c> the</c>

35:17.900 --> 35:17.910 align:start position:0%
going to happen beyond this point to the
 

35:17.910 --> 35:20.620 align:start position:0%
going to happen beyond this point to the
map.<00:37:03.200><c> The</c><00:37:03.440><c> horizon</c><00:37:03.839><c> disappears</c><00:37:04.480><c> or</c><00:37:04.800><c> it's</c><00:37:05.119><c> it</c>

35:20.620 --> 35:20.630 align:start position:0%
map. The horizon disappears or it's it
 

35:20.630 --> 35:23.580 align:start position:0%
map. The horizon disappears or it's it
goes<00:37:05.680><c> away</c><00:37:06.640><c> but</c><00:37:06.880><c> it</c><00:37:07.119><c> doesn't</c><00:37:07.440><c> matter</c><00:37:07.839><c> because</c>

35:23.580 --> 35:23.590 align:start position:0%
goes away but it doesn't matter because
 

35:23.590 --> 35:25.820 align:start position:0%
goes away but it doesn't matter because
look<00:37:09.119><c> the</c><00:37:09.359><c> horizon</c><00:37:09.760><c> exists</c><00:37:10.079><c> from</c><00:37:10.240><c> here</c><00:37:10.400><c> to</c>

35:25.820 --> 35:25.830 align:start position:0%
look the horizon exists from here to
 

35:25.830 --> 35:28.299 align:start position:0%
look the horizon exists from here to
here<00:37:10.880><c> and</c><00:37:11.200><c> Bob</c><00:37:11.520><c> can</c><00:37:11.920><c> certainly</c><00:37:12.480><c> enter</c><00:37:12.880><c> the</c>

35:28.299 --> 35:28.309 align:start position:0%
here and Bob can certainly enter the
 

35:28.309 --> 35:31.820 align:start position:0%
here and Bob can certainly enter the
horizon.<00:37:14.079><c> So</c><00:37:14.240><c> if</c><00:37:14.480><c> Bob</c><00:37:14.800><c> took</c><00:37:15.040><c> this</c><00:37:15.359><c> trajectory</c>

35:31.820 --> 35:31.830 align:start position:0%
horizon. So if Bob took this trajectory
 

35:31.830 --> 35:34.060 align:start position:0%
horizon. So if Bob took this trajectory
then<00:37:17.280><c> Bob</c><00:37:17.599><c> would</c><00:37:17.839><c> have</c><00:37:18.000><c> entered</c><00:37:18.240><c> the</c><00:37:18.400><c> horizon</c>

35:34.060 --> 35:34.070 align:start position:0%
then Bob would have entered the horizon
 

35:34.070 --> 35:36.620 align:start position:0%
then Bob would have entered the horizon
he<00:37:19.040><c> would</c><00:37:19.200><c> be</c><00:37:19.280><c> inside</c><00:37:19.520><c> the</c><00:37:19.760><c> black</c><00:37:20.000><c> hole.</c><00:37:21.280><c> But</c>

35:36.620 --> 35:36.630 align:start position:0%
he would be inside the black hole. But
 

35:36.630 --> 35:39.100 align:start position:0%
he would be inside the black hole. But
again<00:37:21.680><c> from</c><00:37:21.920><c> Alice's</c><00:37:22.480><c> perspective</c><00:37:23.440><c> it</c><00:37:23.680><c> takes</c>

35:39.100 --> 35:39.110 align:start position:0%
again from Alice's perspective it takes
 

35:39.110 --> 35:41.259 align:start position:0%
again from Alice's perspective it takes
an<00:37:24.160><c> infinite</c><00:37:24.560><c> time</c><00:37:24.800><c> for</c><00:37:25.119><c> the</c><00:37:25.440><c> horizon</c><00:37:25.839><c> to</c>

35:41.259 --> 35:41.269 align:start position:0%
an infinite time for the horizon to
 

35:41.269 --> 35:43.820 align:start position:0%
an infinite time for the horizon to
form.<00:37:26.800><c> It</c><00:37:26.960><c> takes</c><00:37:27.119><c> an</c><00:37:27.359><c> infinite</c><00:37:27.760><c> time</c><00:37:27.920><c> for</c><00:37:28.320><c> Bob</c>

35:43.820 --> 35:43.830 align:start position:0%
form. It takes an infinite time for Bob
 

35:43.830 --> 35:47.100 align:start position:0%
form. It takes an infinite time for Bob
to<00:37:28.960><c> enter.</c><00:37:29.920><c> It</c><00:37:30.160><c> takes</c><00:37:30.400><c> an</c><00:37:30.640><c> infinite</c><00:37:31.119><c> time</c><00:37:31.680><c> for</c>

35:47.100 --> 35:47.110 align:start position:0%
to enter. It takes an infinite time for
 

35:47.110 --> 35:49.900 align:start position:0%
to enter. It takes an infinite time for
a<00:37:32.079><c> black</c><00:37:32.320><c> hole</c><00:37:32.640><c> to</c><00:37:32.960><c> even</c><00:37:33.280><c> evaporate.</c><00:37:34.560><c> What</c>

35:49.900 --> 35:49.910 align:start position:0%
a black hole to even evaporate. What
 

35:49.910 --> 35:52.860 align:start position:0%
a black hole to even evaporate. What
does<00:37:34.880><c> it</c><00:37:35.040><c> mean?</c><00:37:36.079><c> Nothing.</c>

35:52.860 --> 35:52.870 align:start position:0%
does it mean? Nothing.
 

35:52.870 --> 35:55.580 align:start position:0%
does it mean? Nothing.
Events<00:37:38.240><c> far</c><00:37:38.640><c> I</c><00:37:38.800><c> think</c><00:37:38.960><c> you</c><00:37:39.119><c> get</c><00:37:39.280><c> it.</c><00:37:40.160><c> But</c><00:37:40.240><c> I'm</c>

35:55.580 --> 35:55.590 align:start position:0%
Events far I think you get it. But I'm
 

35:55.590 --> 35:57.180 align:start position:0%
Events far I think you get it. But I'm
going<00:37:40.480><c> to</c><00:37:40.560><c> say</c><00:37:40.640><c> it</c><00:37:40.800><c> one</c><00:37:40.960><c> more</c><00:37:41.119><c> time.</c><00:37:41.760><c> Thinking</c>

35:57.180 --> 35:57.190 align:start position:0%
going to say it one more time. Thinking
 

35:57.190 --> 35:59.180 align:start position:0%
going to say it one more time. Thinking
about<00:37:42.240><c> what's</c><00:37:42.560><c> happening</c><00:37:42.800><c> now</c><00:37:43.200><c> far</c><00:37:43.520><c> away</c>

35:59.180 --> 35:59.190 align:start position:0%
about what's happening now far away
 

35:59.190 --> 36:01.259 align:start position:0%
about what's happening now far away
carries<00:37:44.400><c> no</c><00:37:44.720><c> physical</c><00:37:45.119><c> meaning.</c><00:37:45.599><c> That</c><00:37:45.839><c> I</c>

36:01.259 --> 36:01.269 align:start position:0%
carries no physical meaning. That I
 

36:01.269 --> 36:02.860 align:start position:0%
carries no physical meaning. That I
think<00:37:46.240><c> is</c><00:37:46.400><c> the</c><00:37:46.640><c> moral</c><00:37:46.880><c> of</c><00:37:47.040><c> the</c><00:37:47.200><c> story</c><00:37:47.440><c> over</c>

36:02.860 --> 36:02.870 align:start position:0%
think is the moral of the story over
 

36:02.870 --> 36:05.180 align:start position:0%
think is the moral of the story over
here.

36:05.180 --> 36:05.190 align:start position:0%
here.
 

36:05.190 --> 36:07.980 align:start position:0%
here.
What<00:37:50.400><c> really</c><00:37:50.720><c> happens</c><00:37:51.200><c> to</c><00:37:51.520><c> Bob</c><00:37:51.920><c> inside</c><00:37:52.480><c> the</c>

36:07.980 --> 36:07.990 align:start position:0%
What really happens to Bob inside the
 

36:07.990 --> 36:11.100 align:start position:0%
What really happens to Bob inside the
horizon?<00:37:53.680><c> Why</c><00:37:53.920><c> can't</c><00:37:54.079><c> he</c><00:37:54.400><c> hover</c><00:37:54.800><c> there?</c><00:37:55.520><c> Or</c>

36:11.100 --> 36:11.110 align:start position:0%
horizon? Why can't he hover there? Or
 

36:11.110 --> 36:13.420 align:start position:0%
horizon? Why can't he hover there? Or
why<00:37:56.240><c> can't</c><00:37:56.480><c> he</c><00:37:56.640><c> orbit</c><00:37:57.200><c> the</c><00:37:57.440><c> center</c><00:37:57.839><c> like</c><00:37:58.079><c> we</c>

36:13.420 --> 36:13.430 align:start position:0%
why can't he orbit the center like we
 

36:13.430 --> 36:15.180 align:start position:0%
why can't he orbit the center like we
can<00:37:58.400><c> do</c><00:37:58.560><c> outside?</c><00:37:59.119><c> We</c><00:37:59.280><c> know</c><00:37:59.440><c> he</c><00:37:59.599><c> can't</c><00:37:59.760><c> do</c><00:37:59.839><c> that</c>

36:15.180 --> 36:15.190 align:start position:0%
can do outside? We know he can't do that
 

36:15.190 --> 36:16.620 align:start position:0%
can do outside? We know he can't do that
because<00:38:00.160><c> we've</c><00:38:00.480><c> heard</c><00:38:00.640><c> of</c><00:38:00.720><c> the</c><00:38:00.960><c> stories.</c><00:38:01.280><c> But</c>

36:16.620 --> 36:16.630 align:start position:0%
because we've heard of the stories. But
 

36:16.630 --> 36:18.940 align:start position:0%
because we've heard of the stories. But
can<00:38:01.599><c> the</c><00:38:01.760><c> map</c><00:38:02.160><c> help</c><00:38:02.320><c> us</c><00:38:02.560><c> understand</c><00:38:02.880><c> that?</c><00:38:03.680><c> All</c>

36:18.940 --> 36:18.950 align:start position:0%
can the map help us understand that? All
 

36:18.950 --> 36:22.779 align:start position:0%
can the map help us understand that? All
right,<00:38:04.400><c> let's</c><00:38:04.720><c> do</c><00:38:04.880><c> that,</c><00:38:05.280><c> says</c><00:38:05.520><c> Rindler.</c><00:38:06.560><c> So,</c>

36:22.779 --> 36:22.789 align:start position:0%
right, let's do that, says Rindler. So,
 

36:22.789 --> 36:25.340 align:start position:0%
right, let's do that, says Rindler. So,
we<00:38:07.920><c> now</c><00:38:08.160><c> need</c><00:38:08.400><c> to</c><00:38:08.560><c> map</c><00:38:08.880><c> the</c><00:38:09.040><c> insides.</c><00:38:09.839><c> How</c><00:38:10.000><c> do</c>

36:25.340 --> 36:25.350 align:start position:0%
we now need to map the insides. How do
 

36:25.350 --> 36:27.740 align:start position:0%
we now need to map the insides. How do
we<00:38:10.320><c> do</c><00:38:10.480><c> that?</c><00:38:11.440><c> Here's</c><00:38:11.760><c> the</c><00:38:12.000><c> way</c><00:38:12.160><c> to</c><00:38:12.400><c> think</c>

36:27.740 --> 36:27.750 align:start position:0%
we do that? Here's the way to think
 

36:27.750 --> 36:30.380 align:start position:0%
we do that? Here's the way to think
about<00:38:12.800><c> it.</c><00:38:13.599><c> If</c><00:38:13.760><c> you</c><00:38:13.920><c> look</c><00:38:14.079><c> on</c><00:38:14.240><c> the</c><00:38:14.400><c> outside,</c>

36:30.380 --> 36:30.390 align:start position:0%
about it. If you look on the outside,
 

36:30.390 --> 36:33.100 align:start position:0%
about it. If you look on the outside,
each<00:38:15.440><c> hyperola</c><00:38:16.320><c> represents</c><00:38:16.880><c> a</c><00:38:17.280><c> fixed</c>

36:33.100 --> 36:33.110 align:start position:0%
each hyperola represents a fixed
 

36:33.110 --> 36:36.940 align:start position:0%
each hyperola represents a fixed
distance<00:38:18.480><c> from</c><00:38:19.599><c> the</c><00:38:19.839><c> black</c><00:38:20.079><c> hole,</c><00:38:20.720><c> right?</c><00:38:21.440><c> So,</c>

36:36.940 --> 36:36.950 align:start position:0%
distance from the black hole, right? So,
 

36:36.950 --> 36:39.019 align:start position:0%
distance from the black hole, right? So,
we<00:38:22.000><c> can</c><00:38:22.160><c> give</c><00:38:22.400><c> each</c><00:38:22.720><c> hyperola</c><00:38:23.359><c> an</c><00:38:23.599><c> R</c>

36:39.019 --> 36:39.029 align:start position:0%
we can give each hyperola an R
 

36:39.029 --> 36:41.580 align:start position:0%
we can give each hyperola an R
coordinate.<00:38:24.640><c> So,</c><00:38:25.040><c> the</c><00:38:25.280><c> R</c><00:38:25.520><c> equals</c><00:38:25.839><c> 1,</c><00:38:26.160><c> let's</c>

36:41.580 --> 36:41.590 align:start position:0%
coordinate. So, the R equals 1, let's
 

36:41.590 --> 36:44.060 align:start position:0%
coordinate. So, the R equals 1, let's
say,<00:38:26.640><c> represents</c><00:38:27.040><c> the</c><00:38:27.200><c> event</c><00:38:27.520><c> horizon</c><00:38:28.240><c> 1.2</c><00:38:28.720><c> 2</c>

36:44.060 --> 36:44.070 align:start position:0%
say, represents the event horizon 1.2 2
 

36:44.070 --> 36:45.740 align:start position:0%
say, represents the event horizon 1.2 2
1.4<00:38:29.359><c> these</c><00:38:29.520><c> are</c><00:38:29.680><c> different</c><00:38:29.920><c> distances</c><00:38:30.320><c> at</c>

36:45.740 --> 36:45.750 align:start position:0%
1.4 these are different distances at
 

36:45.750 --> 36:49.259 align:start position:0%
1.4 these are different distances at
which<00:38:30.720><c> you</c><00:38:30.880><c> can</c><00:38:31.119><c> hover.</c><00:38:32.560><c> Now</c><00:38:32.800><c> the</c><00:38:33.040><c> question</c><00:38:33.280><c> is</c>

36:49.259 --> 36:49.269 align:start position:0%
which you can hover. Now the question is
 

36:49.269 --> 36:52.779 align:start position:0%
which you can hover. Now the question is
can<00:38:34.320><c> you</c><00:38:34.560><c> hover</c><00:38:35.359><c> inside</c><00:38:36.240><c> the</c><00:38:36.560><c> event</c><00:38:36.880><c> horizon</c>

36:52.779 --> 36:52.789 align:start position:0%
can you hover inside the event horizon
 

36:52.789 --> 36:54.380 align:start position:0%
can you hover inside the event horizon
to<00:38:37.839><c> do</c><00:38:38.000><c> that</c><00:38:38.240><c> I</c><00:38:38.400><c> need</c><00:38:38.560><c> to</c><00:38:38.640><c> draw</c><00:38:38.880><c> another</c>

36:54.380 --> 36:54.390 align:start position:0%
to do that I need to draw another
 

36:54.390 --> 36:55.900 align:start position:0%
to do that I need to draw another
hyperola

36:55.900 --> 36:55.910 align:start position:0%
hyperola
 

36:55.910 --> 36:57.420 align:start position:0%
hyperola
with

36:57.420 --> 36:57.430 align:start position:0%
with
 

36:57.430 --> 37:00.620 align:start position:0%
with
um<00:38:42.720><c> with</c><00:38:43.119><c> the</c><00:38:43.440><c> same</c><00:38:43.760><c> as</c><00:38:44.320><c> 45°ree</c><00:38:44.960><c> line</c><00:38:45.280><c> and</c>

37:00.620 --> 37:00.630 align:start position:0%
um with the same as 45°ree line and
 

37:00.630 --> 37:03.420 align:start position:0%
um with the same as 45°ree line and
notice<00:38:45.839><c> I</c><00:38:46.160><c> can't</c><00:38:46.400><c> do</c><00:38:46.560><c> that</c><00:38:47.440><c> physically</c><00:38:48.000><c> this</c>

37:03.420 --> 37:03.430 align:start position:0%
notice I can't do that physically this
 

37:03.430 --> 37:06.140 align:start position:0%
notice I can't do that physically this
makes<00:38:48.480><c> sense</c><00:38:49.200><c> because</c><00:38:49.680><c> as</c><00:38:50.000><c> I</c><00:38:50.160><c> go</c><00:38:50.320><c> closer</c><00:38:50.800><c> my</c>

37:06.140 --> 37:06.150 align:start position:0%
makes sense because as I go closer my
 

37:06.150 --> 37:07.900 align:start position:0%
makes sense because as I go closer my
acceleration<00:38:51.520><c> needs</c><00:38:51.760><c> to</c><00:38:52.000><c> increase</c><00:38:52.480><c> to</c>

37:07.900 --> 37:07.910 align:start position:0%
acceleration needs to increase to
 

37:07.910 --> 37:09.500 align:start position:0%
acceleration needs to increase to
maintain<00:38:53.040><c> this</c><00:38:53.200><c> hyperola</c><00:38:53.760><c> and</c><00:38:54.000><c> eventually</c>

37:09.500 --> 37:09.510 align:start position:0%
maintain this hyperola and eventually
 

37:09.510 --> 37:10.940 align:start position:0%
maintain this hyperola and eventually
when<00:38:54.480><c> I</c><00:38:54.640><c> reach</c><00:38:54.800><c> the</c><00:38:54.960><c> event</c><00:38:55.200><c> horizon</c><00:38:55.599><c> the</c>

37:10.940 --> 37:10.950 align:start position:0%
when I reach the event horizon the
 

37:10.950 --> 37:12.220 align:start position:0%
when I reach the event horizon the
acceleration<00:38:56.160><c> needs</c><00:38:56.320><c> to</c><00:38:56.480><c> be</c><00:38:56.640><c> infinite</c>

37:12.220 --> 37:12.230 align:start position:0%
acceleration needs to be infinite
 

37:12.230 --> 37:14.700 align:start position:0%
acceleration needs to be infinite
because<00:38:57.200><c> the</c><00:38:57.359><c> hyperola</c><00:38:58.000><c> converts</c><00:38:58.320><c> into</c><00:38:58.560><c> a</c><00:38:58.720><c> 45</c>

37:14.700 --> 37:14.710 align:start position:0%
because the hyperola converts into a 45
 

37:14.710 --> 37:17.660 align:start position:0%
because the hyperola converts into a 45
degree<00:39:00.079><c> V</c><00:39:00.880><c> and</c><00:39:01.119><c> that</c><00:39:01.280><c> is</c><00:39:01.440><c> the</c><00:39:01.680><c> world</c><00:39:02.000><c> of</c><00:39:02.240><c> light</c>

37:17.660 --> 37:17.670 align:start position:0%
degree V and that is the world of light
 

37:17.670 --> 37:19.259 align:start position:0%
degree V and that is the world of light
and<00:39:02.640><c> that</c><00:39:02.880><c> takes</c><00:39:03.040><c> an</c><00:39:03.200><c> infinite</c><00:39:03.599><c> acceleration</c>

37:19.259 --> 37:19.269 align:start position:0%
and that takes an infinite acceleration
 

37:19.269 --> 37:22.620 align:start position:0%
and that takes an infinite acceleration
if<00:39:04.240><c> you</c><00:39:04.320><c> want</c><00:39:04.480><c> to</c><00:39:04.560><c> maintain</c><00:39:04.880><c> that</c><00:39:05.760><c> beyond</c><00:39:06.160><c> that</c>

37:22.620 --> 37:22.630 align:start position:0%
if you want to maintain that beyond that
 

37:22.630 --> 37:24.700 align:start position:0%
if you want to maintain that beyond that
you<00:39:07.680><c> cannot</c><00:39:08.079><c> think</c><00:39:08.320><c> about</c><00:39:08.480><c> a</c><00:39:08.640><c> hyperola</c><00:39:09.280><c> with</c>

37:24.700 --> 37:24.710 align:start position:0%
you cannot think about a hyperola with
 

37:24.710 --> 37:28.700 align:start position:0%
you cannot think about a hyperola with
the<00:39:09.760><c> same</c><00:39:10.400><c> asytote</c><00:39:11.520><c> opening</c><00:39:12.000><c> to</c><00:39:12.240><c> the</c><00:39:12.480><c> right</c>

37:28.700 --> 37:28.710 align:start position:0%
the same asytote opening to the right
 

37:28.710 --> 37:32.779 align:start position:0%
the same asytote opening to the right
that's<00:39:13.760><c> why</c><00:39:13.920><c> you</c><00:39:14.079><c> can't</c><00:39:14.320><c> hover</c><00:39:15.760><c> but</c><00:39:16.880><c> we</c><00:39:17.280><c> can</c>

37:32.779 --> 37:32.789 align:start position:0%
that's why you can't hover but we can
 

37:32.789 --> 37:35.340 align:start position:0%
that's why you can't hover but we can
draw<00:39:17.839><c> a</c><00:39:18.000><c> family</c><00:39:18.320><c> of</c><00:39:18.480><c> hyperboly</c><00:39:19.119><c> inside</c>

37:35.340 --> 37:35.350 align:start position:0%
draw a family of hyperboly inside
 

37:35.350 --> 37:39.740 align:start position:0%
draw a family of hyperboly inside
opening<00:39:21.040><c> upwards</c><00:39:22.480><c> so</c><00:39:22.720><c> I</c><00:39:23.040><c> can</c><00:39:23.359><c> draw</c><00:39:23.599><c> a</c><00:39:23.760><c> hyperbol</c>

37:39.740 --> 37:39.750 align:start position:0%
opening upwards so I can draw a hyperbol
 

37:39.750 --> 37:41.580 align:start position:0%
opening upwards so I can draw a hyperbol
that<00:39:24.720><c> looks</c><00:39:24.960><c> like</c><00:39:25.119><c> this</c><00:39:25.440><c> so</c><00:39:25.680><c> geometrically</c>

37:41.580 --> 37:41.590 align:start position:0%
that looks like this so geometrically
 

37:41.590 --> 37:44.299 align:start position:0%
that looks like this so geometrically
speaking<00:39:26.800><c> once</c><00:39:27.040><c> I</c><00:39:27.200><c> go</c><00:39:27.440><c> inside</c><00:39:28.320><c> the</c><00:39:28.720><c> lower</c>

37:44.299 --> 37:44.309 align:start position:0%
speaking once I go inside the lower
 

37:44.309 --> 37:48.539 align:start position:0%
speaking once I go inside the lower
values<00:39:29.520><c> of</c><00:39:29.839><c> r</c><00:39:30.480><c> must</c><00:39:31.040><c> look</c><00:39:31.599><c> like</c><00:39:32.160><c> this</c><00:39:32.880><c> because</c>

37:48.539 --> 37:48.549 align:start position:0%
values of r must look like this because
 

37:48.549 --> 37:51.019 align:start position:0%
values of r must look like this because
remember<00:39:33.920><c> the</c><00:39:34.160><c> idea</c><00:39:34.400><c> is</c><00:39:34.640><c> straightforward.</c><00:39:35.520><c> We</c>

37:51.019 --> 37:51.029 align:start position:0%
remember the idea is straightforward. We
 

37:51.029 --> 37:54.299 align:start position:0%
remember the idea is straightforward. We
draw<00:39:36.079><c> hyperboly</c><00:39:37.200><c> that</c><00:39:37.520><c> are</c><00:39:38.320><c> uh</c><00:39:38.400><c> that</c><00:39:38.640><c> have</c><00:39:38.880><c> the</c>

37:54.299 --> 37:54.309 align:start position:0%
draw hyperboly that are uh that have the
 

37:54.309 --> 37:56.539 align:start position:0%
draw hyperboly that are uh that have the
same<00:39:39.839><c> asytote.</c>

37:56.539 --> 37:56.549 align:start position:0%
same asytote.
 

37:56.549 --> 37:59.340 align:start position:0%
same asytote.
And<00:39:41.599><c> so</c><00:39:41.920><c> this</c><00:39:42.160><c> is</c><00:39:42.320><c> what</c><00:39:42.800><c> a</c><00:39:43.040><c> lower</c><00:39:43.440><c> value</c><00:39:43.680><c> of</c><00:39:43.839><c> r</c>

37:59.340 --> 37:59.350 align:start position:0%
And so this is what a lower value of r
 

37:59.350 --> 38:01.420 align:start position:0%
And so this is what a lower value of r
would<00:39:44.320><c> look</c><00:39:44.480><c> like.</c><00:39:45.119><c> An</c><00:39:45.359><c> even</c><00:39:45.680><c> lower</c><00:39:46.000><c> would</c>

38:01.420 --> 38:01.430 align:start position:0%
would look like. An even lower would
 

38:01.430 --> 38:03.340 align:start position:0%
would look like. An even lower would
look<00:39:46.400><c> like</c><00:39:46.560><c> this.</c><00:39:46.800><c> And</c><00:39:47.040><c> eventually</c><00:39:47.760><c> the</c>

38:03.340 --> 38:03.350 align:start position:0%
look like this. And eventually the
 

38:03.350 --> 38:06.460 align:start position:0%
look like this. And eventually the
center<00:39:49.200><c> would</c><00:39:49.520><c> look</c><00:39:49.760><c> somewhat</c><00:39:50.400><c> like</c><00:39:50.640><c> this.</c>

38:06.460 --> 38:06.470 align:start position:0%
center would look somewhat like this.
 

38:06.470 --> 38:11.259 align:start position:0%
center would look somewhat like this.
And<00:39:51.520><c> so</c><00:39:51.760><c> this</c><00:39:52.560><c> is</c><00:39:52.800><c> the</c><00:39:53.040><c> map</c><00:39:53.280><c> of</c><00:39:53.599><c> the</c><00:39:53.920><c> inside</c><00:39:55.040><c> of</c>

38:11.259 --> 38:11.269 align:start position:0%
And so this is the map of the inside of
 

38:11.269 --> 38:14.380 align:start position:0%
And so this is the map of the inside of
the<00:39:56.400><c> black</c><00:39:56.640><c> hole.</c>

38:14.380 --> 38:14.390 align:start position:0%
the black hole.
 

38:14.390 --> 38:16.060 align:start position:0%
the black hole.
So<00:39:59.440><c> now</c><00:39:59.680><c> let's</c><00:39:59.920><c> look</c><00:40:00.000><c> at</c><00:40:00.160><c> what</c><00:40:00.400><c> happens</c><00:40:00.640><c> when</c>

38:16.060 --> 38:16.070 align:start position:0%
So now let's look at what happens when
 

38:16.070 --> 38:21.340 align:start position:0%
So now let's look at what happens when
you<00:40:01.040><c> go</c><00:40:01.680><c> inside.</c><00:40:03.119><c> Notice</c><00:40:03.680><c> that</c><00:40:04.160><c> inside</c><00:40:05.599><c> your</c>

38:21.340 --> 38:21.350 align:start position:0%
you go inside. Notice that inside your
 

38:21.350 --> 38:22.860 align:start position:0%
you go inside. Notice that inside your
future

38:22.860 --> 38:22.870 align:start position:0%
future
 

38:22.870 --> 38:27.340 align:start position:0%
future
lies<00:40:08.240><c> towards</c><00:40:08.720><c> the</c><00:40:09.040><c> lower</c><00:40:10.000><c> values</c><00:40:10.560><c> of</c><00:40:10.960><c> R.</c>

38:27.340 --> 38:27.350 align:start position:0%
lies towards the lower values of R.
 

38:27.350 --> 38:30.779 align:start position:0%
lies towards the lower values of R.
Meaning<00:40:12.800><c> wherever</c><00:40:13.280><c> you</c><00:40:13.520><c> go,</c><00:40:14.480><c> it's</c><00:40:14.880><c> impossible</c>

38:30.779 --> 38:30.789 align:start position:0%
Meaning wherever you go, it's impossible
 

38:30.789 --> 38:34.380 align:start position:0%
Meaning wherever you go, it's impossible
now<00:40:15.920><c> to</c><00:40:16.160><c> avoid</c><00:40:16.880><c> these</c><00:40:17.520><c> different</c><00:40:18.000><c> values</c><00:40:18.320><c> of</c><00:40:18.560><c> R</c>

38:34.380 --> 38:34.390 align:start position:0%
now to avoid these different values of R
 

38:34.390 --> 38:37.500 align:start position:0%
now to avoid these different values of R
compared<00:40:20.160><c> to</c><00:40:20.640><c> what</c><00:40:20.880><c> happens</c><00:40:21.280><c> outside.</c>

38:37.500 --> 38:37.510 align:start position:0%
compared to what happens outside.
 

38:37.510 --> 38:40.940 align:start position:0%
compared to what happens outside.
Outside<00:40:23.599><c> you</c><00:40:23.839><c> can</c><00:40:24.160><c> stick</c><00:40:24.400><c> to</c><00:40:24.640><c> a</c><00:40:24.880><c> particular</c>

38:40.940 --> 38:40.950 align:start position:0%
Outside you can stick to a particular
 

38:40.950 --> 38:43.100 align:start position:0%
Outside you can stick to a particular
hyperbol<00:40:26.400><c> over</c><00:40:26.560><c> here.</c><00:40:26.880><c> You</c><00:40:27.119><c> can</c><00:40:27.280><c> hover</c><00:40:27.680><c> over</c>

38:43.100 --> 38:43.110 align:start position:0%
hyperbol over here. You can hover over
 

38:43.110 --> 38:45.259 align:start position:0%
hyperbol over here. You can hover over
there.<00:40:28.400><c> You</c><00:40:28.640><c> can</c><00:40:28.720><c> stick</c><00:40:28.960><c> to</c><00:40:29.119><c> a</c><00:40:29.280><c> value</c><00:40:29.440><c> of</c><00:40:29.680><c> R</c><00:40:29.920><c> and</c>

38:45.259 --> 38:45.269 align:start position:0%
there. You can stick to a value of R and
 

38:45.269 --> 38:47.580 align:start position:0%
there. You can stick to a value of R and
you<00:40:30.320><c> can</c><00:40:30.480><c> stay.</c><00:40:31.280><c> If</c><00:40:31.520><c> you</c><00:40:31.599><c> choose,</c><00:40:31.920><c> you</c><00:40:32.160><c> can</c><00:40:32.240><c> go</c>

38:47.580 --> 38:47.590 align:start position:0%
you can stay. If you choose, you can go
 

38:47.590 --> 38:49.820 align:start position:0%
you can stay. If you choose, you can go
here<00:40:32.880><c> or</c><00:40:33.119><c> if</c><00:40:33.280><c> you</c><00:40:33.359><c> choose</c><00:40:33.680><c> you</c><00:40:33.839><c> can</c><00:40:34.000><c> go</c><00:40:34.160><c> here.</c>

38:49.820 --> 38:49.830 align:start position:0%
here or if you choose you can go here.
 

38:49.830 --> 38:52.220 align:start position:0%
here or if you choose you can go here.
All<00:40:34.800><c> of</c><00:40:34.960><c> that</c><00:40:35.119><c> is</c><00:40:35.280><c> a</c><00:40:35.520><c> part</c><00:40:35.680><c> of</c><00:40:35.839><c> your</c><00:40:36.079><c> future.</c>

38:52.220 --> 38:52.230 align:start position:0%
All of that is a part of your future.
 

38:52.230 --> 38:54.299 align:start position:0%
All of that is a part of your future.
That's<00:40:37.359><c> how</c><00:40:37.599><c> space</c><00:40:38.000><c> works.</c><00:40:38.400><c> You</c><00:40:38.560><c> are</c><00:40:38.720><c> free</c><00:40:38.880><c> to</c>

38:54.299 --> 38:54.309 align:start position:0%
That's how space works. You are free to
 

38:54.309 --> 38:56.860 align:start position:0%
That's how space works. You are free to
move<00:40:39.280><c> anywhere</c><00:40:39.599><c> you</c><00:40:39.920><c> want.</c><00:40:40.640><c> But</c><00:40:41.040><c> notice</c>

38:56.860 --> 38:56.870 align:start position:0%
move anywhere you want. But notice
 

38:56.870 --> 38:59.100 align:start position:0%
move anywhere you want. But notice
inside<00:40:42.320><c> you</c><00:40:42.560><c> are</c><00:40:42.720><c> no</c><00:40:42.960><c> longer</c><00:40:43.280><c> free</c><00:40:43.520><c> to</c><00:40:43.680><c> move</c>

38:59.100 --> 38:59.110 align:start position:0%
inside you are no longer free to move
 

38:59.110 --> 39:02.140 align:start position:0%
inside you are no longer free to move
any<00:40:44.240><c> values</c><00:40:44.640><c> of</c><00:40:44.960><c> R.</c><00:40:45.760><c> You</c><00:40:46.079><c> have</c><00:40:46.320><c> to</c><00:40:46.480><c> go</c><00:40:46.640><c> to</c><00:40:46.800><c> this</c>

39:02.140 --> 39:02.150 align:start position:0%
any values of R. You have to go to this
 

39:02.150 --> 39:04.539 align:start position:0%
any values of R. You have to go to this
R<00:40:47.520><c> and</c><00:40:47.680><c> then</c><00:40:47.920><c> after</c><00:40:48.079><c> that</c><00:40:48.400><c> you</c><00:40:48.720><c> have</c><00:40:48.960><c> to</c><00:40:49.119><c> go</c><00:40:49.200><c> to</c>

39:04.539 --> 39:04.549 align:start position:0%
R and then after that you have to go to
 

39:04.549 --> 39:07.740 align:start position:0%
R and then after that you have to go to
this<00:40:49.599><c> R</c><00:40:50.000><c> and</c><00:40:50.240><c> then</c><00:40:50.480><c> eventually</c><00:40:51.760><c> you</c><00:40:52.079><c> hit</c><00:40:52.320><c> the</c>

39:07.740 --> 39:07.750 align:start position:0%
this R and then eventually you hit the
 

39:07.750 --> 39:11.259 align:start position:0%
this R and then eventually you hit the
center.<00:40:53.440><c> It's</c><00:40:53.760><c> unavoidable.</c>

39:11.259 --> 39:11.269 align:start position:0%
center. It's unavoidable.
 

39:11.269 --> 39:16.060 align:start position:0%
center. It's unavoidable.
So<00:40:56.480><c> in</c><00:40:56.800><c> that</c><00:40:57.200><c> sense</c><00:40:58.560><c> space</c><00:40:59.839><c> behaves</c><00:41:00.480><c> like</c>

39:16.060 --> 39:16.070 align:start position:0%
So in that sense space behaves like
 

39:16.070 --> 39:19.100 align:start position:0%
So in that sense space behaves like
time.<00:41:02.079><c> Oh</c><00:41:02.560><c> this</c><00:41:02.800><c> is</c><00:41:02.880><c> why</c><00:41:03.119><c> we</c><00:41:03.359><c> say</c><00:41:03.599><c> space</c>

39:19.100 --> 39:19.110 align:start position:0%
time. Oh this is why we say space
 

39:19.110 --> 39:21.340 align:start position:0%
time. Oh this is why we say space
behaves<00:41:04.240><c> like</c><00:41:04.480><c> time.</c><00:41:05.200><c> This</c><00:41:05.440><c> is</c><00:41:05.599><c> why</c><00:41:05.760><c> we</c><00:41:06.000><c> say</c>

39:21.340 --> 39:21.350 align:start position:0%
behaves like time. This is why we say
 

39:21.350 --> 39:24.299 align:start position:0%
behaves like time. This is why we say
your<00:41:06.480><c> future</c><00:41:07.040><c> lies</c><00:41:07.520><c> at</c><00:41:07.760><c> the</c><00:41:08.000><c> center.</c><00:41:08.960><c> You</c>

39:24.299 --> 39:24.309 align:start position:0%
your future lies at the center. You
 

39:24.309 --> 39:26.299 align:start position:0%
your future lies at the center. You
cannot<00:41:09.440><c> avoid</c><00:41:09.760><c> it</c><00:41:10.000><c> just</c><00:41:10.240><c> like</c><00:41:10.400><c> how</c><00:41:10.720><c> you</c><00:41:10.880><c> cannot</c>

39:26.299 --> 39:26.309 align:start position:0%
cannot avoid it just like how you cannot
 

39:26.309 --> 39:30.140 align:start position:0%
cannot avoid it just like how you cannot
avoid<00:41:11.520><c> next</c><00:41:11.920><c> Saturday.</c>

39:30.140 --> 39:30.150 align:start position:0%
 
 

39:30.150 --> 39:31.980 align:start position:0%
 
That's<00:41:15.760><c> what's</c><00:41:16.079><c> happening</c><00:41:16.319><c> and</c><00:41:16.480><c> that's</c><00:41:16.640><c> why</c>

39:31.980 --> 39:31.990 align:start position:0%
That's what's happening and that's why
 

39:31.990 --> 39:33.580 align:start position:0%
That's what's happening and that's why
you<00:41:16.960><c> cannot</c><00:41:17.119><c> hover.</c><00:41:17.599><c> You</c><00:41:17.680><c> cannot</c><00:41:17.920><c> orbit.</c>

39:33.580 --> 39:33.590 align:start position:0%
you cannot hover. You cannot orbit.
 

39:33.590 --> 39:35.820 align:start position:0%
you cannot hover. You cannot orbit.
Whatever<00:41:18.720><c> you</c><00:41:18.880><c> do</c><00:41:19.520><c> you</c><00:41:19.760><c> have</c><00:41:19.920><c> to</c><00:41:20.160><c> reach</c><00:41:20.480><c> the</c>

39:35.820 --> 39:35.830 align:start position:0%
Whatever you do you have to reach the
 

39:35.830 --> 39:38.220 align:start position:0%
Whatever you do you have to reach the
center.<00:41:21.280><c> But</c><00:41:21.520><c> what</c><00:41:21.839><c> happens</c><00:41:22.240><c> as</c><00:41:22.640><c> somebody</c>

39:38.220 --> 39:38.230 align:start position:0%
center. But what happens as somebody
 

39:38.230 --> 39:39.900 align:start position:0%
center. But what happens as somebody
something<00:41:23.359><c> reaches</c><00:41:23.680><c> the</c><00:41:23.920><c> center</c><00:41:24.160><c> of</c><00:41:24.480><c> the</c>

39:39.900 --> 39:39.910 align:start position:0%
something reaches the center of the
 

39:39.910 --> 39:43.180 align:start position:0%
something reaches the center of the
black<00:41:24.960><c> hole?</c><00:41:25.839><c> Well,</c><00:41:26.400><c> turns</c><00:41:26.640><c> out</c><00:41:26.800><c> that</c><00:41:27.040><c> the</c><00:41:27.520><c> in</c>

39:43.180 --> 39:43.190 align:start position:0%
black hole? Well, turns out that the in
 

39:43.190 --> 39:45.660 align:start position:0%
black hole? Well, turns out that the in
the<00:41:28.240><c> curvature</c><00:41:28.720><c> tends</c><00:41:29.040><c> to</c><00:41:29.119><c> go</c><00:41:29.280><c> to</c><00:41:29.440><c> infinity.</c>

39:45.660 --> 39:45.670 align:start position:0%
the curvature tends to go to infinity.
 

39:45.670 --> 39:47.420 align:start position:0%
the curvature tends to go to infinity.
It's<00:41:31.119><c> technically</c><00:41:31.520><c> called</c><00:41:31.680><c> the</c><00:41:31.839><c> remon</c>

39:47.420 --> 39:47.430 align:start position:0%
It's technically called the remon
 

39:47.430 --> 39:49.340 align:start position:0%
It's technically called the remon
curvature<00:41:32.640><c> tensor</c><00:41:32.960><c> that</c><00:41:33.119><c> goes</c><00:41:33.280><c> to</c><00:41:33.440><c> infinity.</c>

39:49.340 --> 39:49.350 align:start position:0%
curvature tensor that goes to infinity.
 

39:49.350 --> 39:51.180 align:start position:0%
curvature tensor that goes to infinity.
Um<00:41:34.560><c> tidal</c><00:41:34.960><c> forces</c><00:41:35.280><c> that</c><00:41:35.440><c> means</c><00:41:35.680><c> go</c><00:41:35.839><c> to</c>

39:51.180 --> 39:51.190 align:start position:0%
Um tidal forces that means go to
 

39:51.190 --> 39:54.380 align:start position:0%
Um tidal forces that means go to
infinity<00:41:36.880><c> and</c><00:41:37.520><c> that</c><00:41:37.760><c> will</c><00:41:38.079><c> certainly</c>

39:54.380 --> 39:54.390 align:start position:0%
infinity and that will certainly
 

39:54.390 --> 39:56.940 align:start position:0%
infinity and that will certainly
spaghettify<00:41:39.920><c> anything</c><00:41:40.319><c> and</c><00:41:40.720><c> shred</c><00:41:41.040><c> it</c><00:41:41.200><c> apart.</c>

39:56.940 --> 39:56.950 align:start position:0%
spaghettify anything and shred it apart.
 

39:56.950 --> 39:59.259 align:start position:0%
spaghettify anything and shred it apart.
But<00:41:42.000><c> what</c><00:41:42.160><c> happens</c><00:41:42.400><c> at</c><00:41:42.560><c> a</c><00:41:42.800><c> quantum</c><00:41:43.200><c> level?</c><00:41:43.839><c> If</c>

39:59.259 --> 39:59.269 align:start position:0%
But what happens at a quantum level? If
 

39:59.269 --> 40:01.259 align:start position:0%
But what happens at a quantum level? If
you<00:41:44.240><c> had</c><00:41:44.480><c> a</c><00:41:44.800><c> quantum</c><00:41:45.200><c> object</c><00:41:45.520><c> that</c><00:41:45.839><c> went</c>

40:01.259 --> 40:01.269 align:start position:0%
you had a quantum object that went
 

40:01.269 --> 40:04.220 align:start position:0%
you had a quantum object that went
towards<00:41:46.800><c> the</c><00:41:47.119><c> center,</c><00:41:48.160><c> we</c><00:41:48.480><c> don't</c><00:41:48.640><c> know</c><00:41:48.720><c> what</c>

40:04.220 --> 40:04.230 align:start position:0%
towards the center, we don't know what
 

40:04.230 --> 40:06.380 align:start position:0%
towards the center, we don't know what
happens.<00:41:50.079><c> And</c><00:41:50.240><c> the</c><00:41:50.400><c> center</c><00:41:50.640><c> is</c><00:41:50.880><c> called</c><00:41:51.040><c> the</c>

40:06.380 --> 40:06.390 align:start position:0%
happens. And the center is called the
 

40:06.390 --> 40:08.060 align:start position:0%
happens. And the center is called the
singularity<00:41:51.680><c> because</c><00:41:51.920><c> you</c><00:41:52.079><c> have</c><00:41:52.240><c> infinity</c>

40:08.060 --> 40:08.070 align:start position:0%
singularity because you have infinity
 

40:08.070 --> 40:10.779 align:start position:0%
singularity because you have infinity
over<00:41:53.200><c> there</c><00:41:54.000><c> and</c><00:41:54.480><c> we</c><00:41:54.880><c> we</c><00:41:55.200><c> don't</c><00:41:55.359><c> know</c><00:41:55.440><c> what</c>

40:10.779 --> 40:10.789 align:start position:0%
over there and we we don't know what
 

40:10.789 --> 40:12.460 align:start position:0%
over there and we we don't know what
would<00:41:55.839><c> happen</c><00:41:56.000><c> at</c><00:41:56.160><c> a</c><00:41:56.319><c> quantum</c><00:41:56.720><c> level.</c><00:41:57.119><c> So</c>

40:12.460 --> 40:12.470 align:start position:0%
would happen at a quantum level. So
 

40:12.470 --> 40:14.860 align:start position:0%
would happen at a quantum level. So
that's<00:41:58.000><c> an</c><00:41:58.319><c> unknown.</c><00:41:59.040><c> That's</c><00:41:59.280><c> an</c><00:41:59.440><c> open</c>

40:14.860 --> 40:14.870 align:start position:0%
that's an unknown. That's an open
 

40:14.870 --> 40:17.499 align:start position:0%
that's an unknown. That's an open
question<00:42:00.160><c> for</c><00:42:00.480><c> physics</c><00:42:00.880><c> as</c><00:42:01.119><c> of</c><00:42:01.359><c> today.</c>

40:17.499 --> 40:17.509 align:start position:0%
question for physics as of today.
 

40:17.509 --> 40:19.900 align:start position:0%
question for physics as of today.
However,<00:42:03.359><c> what</c><00:42:03.599><c> about</c><00:42:03.920><c> the</c><00:42:04.319><c> time</c>

40:19.900 --> 40:19.910 align:start position:0%
However, what about the time
 

40:19.910 --> 40:21.420 align:start position:0%
However, what about the time
coordinates?<00:42:05.280><c> Now</c><00:42:05.440><c> we</c><00:42:05.599><c> can</c><00:42:05.680><c> draw</c><00:42:05.920><c> time</c>

40:21.420 --> 40:21.430 align:start position:0%
coordinates? Now we can draw time
 

40:21.430 --> 40:23.740 align:start position:0%
coordinates? Now we can draw time
coordinates<00:42:06.640><c> just</c><00:42:06.880><c> like</c><00:42:07.040><c> we</c><00:42:07.200><c> drew</c><00:42:07.440><c> over</c><00:42:07.680><c> here.</c>

40:23.740 --> 40:23.750 align:start position:0%
coordinates just like we drew over here.
 

40:23.750 --> 40:25.660 align:start position:0%
coordinates just like we drew over here.
And<00:42:08.800><c> notice</c><00:42:09.200><c> time</c><00:42:09.520><c> coordinates</c><00:42:09.920><c> behave</c><00:42:10.240><c> the</c>

40:25.660 --> 40:25.670 align:start position:0%
And notice time coordinates behave the
 

40:25.670 --> 40:28.460 align:start position:0%
And notice time coordinates behave the
opposite<00:42:10.800><c> way</c><00:42:11.440><c> outside.</c><00:42:12.640><c> If</c><00:42:12.800><c> you</c><00:42:12.880><c> look</c><00:42:13.040><c> at</c><00:42:13.119><c> the</c>

40:28.460 --> 40:28.470 align:start position:0%
opposite way outside. If you look at the
 

40:28.470 --> 40:30.860 align:start position:0%
opposite way outside. If you look at the
time<00:42:13.520><c> coordinates,</c><00:42:14.480><c> you</c><00:42:14.800><c> have</c><00:42:15.040><c> no</c><00:42:15.280><c> choice</c><00:42:15.520><c> but</c>

40:30.860 --> 40:30.870 align:start position:0%
time coordinates, you have no choice but
 

40:30.870 --> 40:33.580 align:start position:0%
time coordinates, you have no choice but
to<00:42:15.839><c> go</c><00:42:16.000><c> from</c><00:42:16.319><c> time</c><00:42:16.560><c> t=</c><00:42:17.040><c> 1</c><00:42:17.200><c> to</c><00:42:17.440><c> 2</c><00:42:17.839><c> and</c><00:42:18.079><c> then</c><00:42:18.240><c> from</c>

40:33.580 --> 40:33.590 align:start position:0%
to go from time t= 1 to 2 and then from
 

40:33.590 --> 40:36.140 align:start position:0%
to go from time t= 1 to 2 and then from
2<00:42:18.640><c> to</c><00:42:18.880><c> 3.</c><00:42:19.040><c> You</c><00:42:19.280><c> cannot</c><00:42:19.599><c> hover</c><00:42:20.160><c> at</c><00:42:20.400><c> a</c><00:42:20.640><c> particular</c>

40:36.140 --> 40:36.150 align:start position:0%
2 to 3. You cannot hover at a particular
 

40:36.150 --> 40:37.900 align:start position:0%
2 to 3. You cannot hover at a particular
time<00:42:21.200><c> coordinate.</c><00:42:21.599><c> That's</c><00:42:21.760><c> not</c><00:42:21.920><c> allowed.</c><00:42:22.480><c> You</c>

40:37.900 --> 40:37.910 align:start position:0%
time coordinate. That's not allowed. You
 

40:37.910 --> 40:39.900 align:start position:0%
time coordinate. That's not allowed. You
have<00:42:22.960><c> to</c><00:42:23.119><c> go.</c><00:42:23.680><c> You</c><00:42:23.920><c> cannot</c><00:42:24.160><c> avoid</c><00:42:24.480><c> your</c>

40:39.900 --> 40:39.910 align:start position:0%
have to go. You cannot avoid your
 

40:39.910 --> 40:43.100 align:start position:0%
have to go. You cannot avoid your
future.<00:42:25.119><c> But</c><00:42:25.359><c> look</c><00:42:25.680><c> inside.</c><00:42:26.960><c> You</c><00:42:27.280><c> can</c><00:42:27.680><c> stick</c>

40:43.100 --> 40:43.110 align:start position:0%
future. But look inside. You can stick
 

40:43.110 --> 40:45.740 align:start position:0%
future. But look inside. You can stick
to<00:42:28.079><c> a</c><00:42:28.319><c> particular</c><00:42:28.720><c> time</c><00:42:29.040><c> coordinate</c><00:42:30.000><c> or</c><00:42:30.319><c> you</c>

40:45.740 --> 40:45.750 align:start position:0%
to a particular time coordinate or you
 

40:45.750 --> 40:47.900 align:start position:0%
to a particular time coordinate or you
can<00:42:30.720><c> jump</c><00:42:31.040><c> to</c><00:42:31.280><c> another</c><00:42:31.599><c> time</c><00:42:31.839><c> coordinate</c><00:42:32.400><c> or</c>

40:47.900 --> 40:47.910 align:start position:0%
can jump to another time coordinate or
 

40:47.910 --> 40:50.140 align:start position:0%
can jump to another time coordinate or
you<00:42:32.960><c> can</c><00:42:33.040><c> jump</c><00:42:33.280><c> to</c><00:42:33.440><c> this</c><00:42:33.680><c> time</c><00:42:33.920><c> coordinate.</c><00:42:34.720><c> So</c>

40:50.140 --> 40:50.150 align:start position:0%
you can jump to this time coordinate. So
 

40:50.150 --> 40:52.779 align:start position:0%
you can jump to this time coordinate. So
in<00:42:35.200><c> that</c><00:42:35.359><c> sense</c><00:42:35.760><c> time</c><00:42:36.160><c> behaves</c><00:42:36.640><c> like</c><00:42:36.960><c> space.</c>

40:52.779 --> 40:52.789 align:start position:0%
in that sense time behaves like space.
 

40:52.789 --> 40:56.060 align:start position:0%
in that sense time behaves like space.
Space<00:42:38.000><c> behaves</c><00:42:38.480><c> like</c><00:42:38.880><c> time.</c>

40:56.060 --> 40:56.070 align:start position:0%
Space behaves like time.
 

40:56.070 --> 40:58.940 align:start position:0%
Space behaves like time.
But<00:42:41.040><c> what</c><00:42:41.280><c> does</c><00:42:41.440><c> that</c><00:42:42.000><c> physically</c><00:42:42.640><c> mean?</c><00:42:42.960><c> Rler</c>

40:58.940 --> 40:58.950 align:start position:0%
But what does that physically mean? Rler
 

40:58.950 --> 41:00.940 align:start position:0%
But what does that physically mean? Rler
Rler<00:42:44.240><c> says</c><00:42:44.720><c> nothing.</c><00:42:45.280><c> It's</c><00:42:45.520><c> just</c>

41:00.940 --> 41:00.950 align:start position:0%
Rler says nothing. It's just
 

41:00.950 --> 41:02.940 align:start position:0%
Rler says nothing. It's just
coordinates.<00:42:46.400><c> It</c><00:42:46.640><c> doesn't</c><00:42:46.880><c> mean</c><00:42:47.119><c> anything.</c>

41:02.940 --> 41:02.950 align:start position:0%
coordinates. It doesn't mean anything.
 

41:02.950 --> 41:05.429 align:start position:0%
coordinates. It doesn't mean anything.
What's<00:42:48.079><c> more</c><00:42:48.319><c> important</c><00:42:48.640><c> is</c><00:42:48.880><c> that</c><00:42:49.040><c> for</c><00:42:49.359><c> Bob,</c>

41:05.429 --> 41:05.439 align:start position:0%
What's more important is that for Bob,
 

41:05.439 --> 41:07.580 align:start position:0%
What's more important is that for Bob,
[snorts]<00:42:50.720><c> the</c><00:42:50.960><c> future</c><00:42:51.440><c> lies</c><00:42:51.839><c> towards</c><00:42:52.240><c> the</c>

41:07.580 --> 41:07.590 align:start position:0%
[snorts] the future lies towards the
 

41:07.590 --> 41:10.940 align:start position:0%
[snorts] the future lies towards the
center.<00:42:53.359><c> If</c><00:42:53.599><c> Bob</c><00:42:53.920><c> were</c><00:42:54.160><c> to</c><00:42:54.560><c> look</c><00:42:54.880><c> back</c><00:42:55.359><c> as</c><00:42:55.599><c> he</c>

41:10.940 --> 41:10.950 align:start position:0%
center. If Bob were to look back as he
 

41:10.950 --> 41:12.700 align:start position:0%
center. If Bob were to look back as he
falls<00:42:56.000><c> through,</c><00:42:56.240><c> would</c><00:42:56.480><c> he</c><00:42:56.640><c> see</c><00:42:56.800><c> the</c><00:42:56.960><c> entire</c>

41:12.700 --> 41:12.710 align:start position:0%
falls through, would he see the entire
 

41:12.710 --> 41:14.700 align:start position:0%
falls through, would he see the entire
future<00:42:57.920><c> of</c><00:42:58.160><c> the</c><00:42:58.319><c> universe</c><00:42:58.560><c> in</c><00:42:58.880><c> fastforward</c>

41:14.700 --> 41:14.710 align:start position:0%
future of the universe in fastforward
 

41:14.710 --> 41:17.660 align:start position:0%
future of the universe in fastforward
motion?<00:43:00.640><c> Let's</c><00:43:00.960><c> go</c><00:43:01.119><c> back</c><00:43:01.280><c> to</c><00:43:01.440><c> the</c><00:43:01.599><c> map.</c><00:43:02.240><c> Let's</c>

41:17.660 --> 41:17.670 align:start position:0%
motion? Let's go back to the map. Let's
 

41:17.670 --> 41:20.460 align:start position:0%
motion? Let's go back to the map. Let's
just<00:43:02.640><c> focus</c><00:43:02.880><c> on</c><00:43:03.040><c> how</c><00:43:03.359><c> Bob</c><00:43:03.760><c> sees</c><00:43:04.240><c> Alice</c><00:43:04.800><c> as</c><00:43:05.040><c> he</c>

41:20.460 --> 41:20.470 align:start position:0%
just focus on how Bob sees Alice as he
 

41:20.470 --> 41:22.779 align:start position:0%
just focus on how Bob sees Alice as he
falls<00:43:05.599><c> through.</c><00:43:06.240><c> For</c><00:43:06.480><c> that,</c><00:43:06.720><c> he</c><00:43:07.040><c> just</c><00:43:07.200><c> we</c><00:43:07.440><c> just</c>

41:22.779 --> 41:22.789 align:start position:0%
falls through. For that, he just we just
 

41:22.789 --> 41:25.180 align:start position:0%
falls through. For that, he just we just
have<00:43:07.680><c> to</c><00:43:07.839><c> draw</c><00:43:08.079><c> 45°ree</c><00:43:08.720><c> light</c><00:43:08.960><c> signals</c><00:43:09.599><c> from</c>

41:25.180 --> 41:25.190 align:start position:0%
have to draw 45°ree light signals from
 

41:25.190 --> 41:27.900 align:start position:0%
have to draw 45°ree light signals from
Alice<00:43:10.800><c> all</c><00:43:11.040><c> the</c><00:43:11.200><c> way</c><00:43:11.359><c> over</c><00:43:11.599><c> here.</c><00:43:12.160><c> And</c><00:43:12.319><c> when</c><00:43:12.560><c> we</c>

41:27.900 --> 41:27.910 align:start position:0%
Alice all the way over here. And when we
 

41:27.910 --> 41:31.660 align:start position:0%
Alice all the way over here. And when we
do<00:43:12.880><c> that,</c><00:43:13.599><c> we</c><00:43:13.920><c> notice</c><00:43:14.480><c> he</c><00:43:14.960><c> does</c><00:43:15.280><c> not</c><00:43:15.680><c> see</c><00:43:16.079><c> the</c>

41:31.660 --> 41:31.670 align:start position:0%
do that, we notice he does not see the
 

41:31.670 --> 41:35.499 align:start position:0%
do that, we notice he does not see the
entire<00:43:17.280><c> future</c><00:43:17.839><c> of</c><00:43:18.240><c> Alice.</c><00:43:19.280><c> In</c><00:43:19.440><c> fact,</c><00:43:19.920><c> if</c><00:43:20.160><c> you</c>

41:35.499 --> 41:35.509 align:start position:0%
entire future of Alice. In fact, if you
 

41:35.509 --> 41:37.820 align:start position:0%
entire future of Alice. In fact, if you
can<00:43:20.480><c> clearly</c><00:43:20.800><c> see</c><00:43:20.960><c> over</c><00:43:21.200><c> here,</c><00:43:21.599><c> this</c><00:43:22.000><c> is</c><00:43:22.240><c> the</c>

41:37.820 --> 41:37.830 align:start position:0%
can clearly see over here, this is the
 

41:37.830 --> 41:41.660 align:start position:0%
can clearly see over here, this is the
last<00:43:22.960><c> signal</c><00:43:23.440><c> he</c><00:43:23.760><c> will</c><00:43:24.160><c> ever</c><00:43:24.800><c> get</c><00:43:25.200><c> from</c><00:43:25.680><c> Alice.</c>

41:41.660 --> 41:41.670 align:start position:0%
last signal he will ever get from Alice.
 

41:41.670 --> 41:43.580 align:start position:0%
last signal he will ever get from Alice.
Beyond<00:43:26.960><c> that,</c><00:43:27.280><c> he</c><00:43:27.520><c> doesn't</c><00:43:27.760><c> receive</c><00:43:28.160><c> any</c>

41:43.580 --> 41:43.590 align:start position:0%
Beyond that, he doesn't receive any
 

41:43.590 --> 41:45.340 align:start position:0%
Beyond that, he doesn't receive any
signal.<00:43:28.880><c> And</c><00:43:29.119><c> same</c><00:43:29.359><c> will</c><00:43:29.520><c> be</c><00:43:29.599><c> the</c><00:43:29.760><c> case</c><00:43:29.920><c> for</c>

41:45.340 --> 41:45.350 align:start position:0%
signal. And same will be the case for
 

41:45.350 --> 41:46.940 align:start position:0%
signal. And same will be the case for
the<00:43:30.400><c> rest</c><00:43:30.480><c> of</c><00:43:30.640><c> the</c><00:43:30.800><c> universe,</c><00:43:31.200><c> which</c><00:43:31.440><c> means</c>

41:46.940 --> 41:46.950 align:start position:0%
the rest of the universe, which means
 

41:46.950 --> 41:51.259 align:start position:0%
the rest of the universe, which means
no,<00:43:32.319><c> he</c><00:43:32.640><c> does</c><00:43:32.880><c> not</c><00:43:33.200><c> see</c><00:43:33.440><c> the</c><00:43:33.760><c> entire</c><00:43:34.720><c> future</c><00:43:35.680><c> of</c>

41:51.259 --> 41:51.269 align:start position:0%
no, he does not see the entire future of
 

41:51.269 --> 41:54.555 align:start position:0%
no, he does not see the entire future of
the<00:43:36.400><c> universe</c><00:43:36.880><c> in</c><00:43:37.280><c> fastforward</c><00:43:38.480><c> motion.</c>

41:54.555 --> 41:54.565 align:start position:0%
the universe in fastforward motion.
 

41:54.565 --> 41:56.220 align:start position:0%
the universe in fastforward motion.
[laughter]

41:56.220 --> 41:56.230 align:start position:0%
[laughter]
 

41:56.230 --> 41:58.779 align:start position:0%
[laughter]
Last<00:43:41.359><c> scenario.</c><00:43:42.319><c> So</c><00:43:42.560><c> we</c><00:43:42.800><c> already</c><00:43:43.040><c> know</c><00:43:43.200><c> that</c>

41:58.779 --> 41:58.789 align:start position:0%
Last scenario. So we already know that
 

41:58.789 --> 42:01.340 align:start position:0%
Last scenario. So we already know that
there<00:43:43.839><c> is</c><00:43:44.000><c> a</c><00:43:44.480><c> threshold</c><00:43:45.040><c> beyond</c><00:43:45.440><c> which</c><00:43:45.680><c> Alice</c>

42:01.340 --> 42:01.350 align:start position:0%
there is a threshold beyond which Alice
 

42:01.350 --> 42:04.220 align:start position:0%
there is a threshold beyond which Alice
cannot<00:43:46.560><c> save</c><00:43:46.880><c> Bob.</c><00:43:47.680><c> And</c><00:43:47.839><c> let's</c><00:43:48.079><c> say</c><00:43:48.319><c> Alice</c><00:43:48.720><c> has</c>

42:04.220 --> 42:04.230 align:start position:0%
cannot save Bob. And let's say Alice has
 

42:04.230 --> 42:05.820 align:start position:0%
cannot save Bob. And let's say Alice has
crossed<00:43:49.359><c> that</c><00:43:49.599><c> threshold</c><00:43:50.079><c> as</c><00:43:50.240><c> you</c><00:43:50.400><c> can</c><00:43:50.480><c> see</c>

42:05.820 --> 42:05.830 align:start position:0%
crossed that threshold as you can see
 

42:05.830 --> 42:08.620 align:start position:0%
crossed that threshold as you can see
right<00:43:50.880><c> now.</c><00:43:51.599><c> And</c><00:43:51.839><c> Alice</c><00:43:52.240><c> realizes</c><00:43:52.880><c> she</c><00:43:53.200><c> loves</c>

42:08.620 --> 42:08.630 align:start position:0%
right now. And Alice realizes she loves
 

42:08.630 --> 42:11.019 align:start position:0%
right now. And Alice realizes she loves
Bob.<00:43:54.000><c> She</c><00:43:54.240><c> cannot</c><00:43:54.480><c> live</c><00:43:54.720><c> without</c><00:43:54.960><c> him.</c><00:43:55.440><c> So</c><00:43:55.599><c> she</c>

42:11.019 --> 42:11.029 align:start position:0%
Bob. She cannot live without him. So she
 

42:11.029 --> 42:13.180 align:start position:0%
Bob. She cannot live without him. So she
would<00:43:56.000><c> rather</c><00:43:56.800><c> plunge</c><00:43:57.119><c> into</c><00:43:57.359><c> the</c><00:43:57.520><c> black</c><00:43:57.680><c> hole</c>

42:13.180 --> 42:13.190 align:start position:0%
would rather plunge into the black hole
 

42:13.190 --> 42:15.660 align:start position:0%
would rather plunge into the black hole
herself<00:43:58.720><c> and</c><00:43:59.040><c> meet</c><00:43:59.280><c> up</c><00:43:59.440><c> with</c><00:43:59.599><c> Bob</c><00:43:59.920><c> one</c><00:44:00.240><c> last</c>

42:15.660 --> 42:15.670 align:start position:0%
herself and meet up with Bob one last
 

42:15.670 --> 42:18.620 align:start position:0%
herself and meet up with Bob one last
time<00:44:01.200><c> before</c><00:44:02.160><c> moving</c><00:44:02.400><c> towards</c><00:44:02.800><c> singularity</c>

42:18.620 --> 42:18.630 align:start position:0%
time before moving towards singularity
 

42:18.630 --> 42:21.740 align:start position:0%
time before moving towards singularity
together.<00:44:04.640><c> So</c><00:44:05.040><c> can</c><00:44:05.280><c> she</c><00:44:05.520><c> always</c><00:44:05.920><c> do</c><00:44:06.079><c> that</c><00:44:06.319><c> or</c>

42:21.740 --> 42:21.750 align:start position:0%
together. So can she always do that or
 

42:21.750 --> 42:23.980 align:start position:0%
together. So can she always do that or
is<00:44:06.720><c> there</c><00:44:06.880><c> a</c><00:44:07.040><c> window</c><00:44:07.280><c> for</c><00:44:07.520><c> that</c><00:44:07.680><c> as</c><00:44:07.839><c> well?</c>

42:23.980 --> 42:23.990 align:start position:0%
is there a window for that as well?
 

42:23.990 --> 42:26.140 align:start position:0%
is there a window for that as well?
Again,<00:44:09.520><c> we</c><00:44:09.680><c> can</c><00:44:09.760><c> go</c><00:44:10.000><c> that</c><00:44:10.240><c> go</c><00:44:10.400><c> back</c><00:44:10.560><c> to</c><00:44:10.720><c> our</c>

42:26.140 --> 42:26.150 align:start position:0%
Again, we can go that go back to our
 

42:26.150 --> 42:28.380 align:start position:0%
Again, we can go that go back to our
map.<00:44:11.520><c> Let's</c><00:44:11.760><c> say</c><00:44:11.920><c> Bob's</c><00:44:12.400><c> world</c><00:44:12.560><c> line</c><00:44:12.880><c> ends</c>

42:28.380 --> 42:28.390 align:start position:0%
map. Let's say Bob's world line ends
 

42:28.390 --> 42:30.220 align:start position:0%
map. Let's say Bob's world line ends
over<00:44:13.359><c> here.</c><00:44:13.680><c> It</c><00:44:13.839><c> cannot</c><00:44:14.160><c> continue</c><00:44:14.640><c> beyond</c>

42:30.220 --> 42:30.230 align:start position:0%
over here. It cannot continue beyond
 

42:30.230 --> 42:33.180 align:start position:0%
over here. It cannot continue beyond
that<00:44:15.280><c> because</c><00:44:15.599><c> this</c><00:44:15.839><c> is</c><00:44:15.920><c> the</c><00:44:16.160><c> center.</c><00:44:17.520><c> And</c><00:44:17.760><c> so,</c>

42:33.180 --> 42:33.190 align:start position:0%
that because this is the center. And so,
 

42:33.190 --> 42:35.980 align:start position:0%
that because this is the center. And so,
we<00:44:18.160><c> can</c><00:44:18.319><c> now</c><00:44:18.560><c> draw</c><00:44:18.800><c> a</c><00:44:19.040><c> 45°</c><00:44:19.839><c> line</c><00:44:20.160><c> from</c><00:44:20.400><c> here.</c>

42:35.980 --> 42:35.990 align:start position:0%
we can now draw a 45° line from here.
 

42:35.990 --> 42:38.060 align:start position:0%
we can now draw a 45° line from here.
And<00:44:21.040><c> now,</c><00:44:21.280><c> this</c><00:44:21.599><c> would</c><00:44:21.839><c> represent</c><00:44:22.240><c> the</c><00:44:22.560><c> last</c>

42:38.060 --> 42:38.070 align:start position:0%
And now, this would represent the last
 

42:38.070 --> 42:42.860 align:start position:0%
And now, this would represent the last
chance<00:44:23.200><c> to</c><00:44:23.440><c> even</c><00:44:23.839><c> meet</c><00:44:24.400><c> Bob.</c><00:44:25.599><c> So</c><00:44:26.400><c> if</c><00:44:27.119><c> she</c><00:44:27.440><c> is</c>

42:42.860 --> 42:42.870 align:start position:0%
chance to even meet Bob. So if she is
 

42:42.870 --> 42:44.940 align:start position:0%
chance to even meet Bob. So if she is
somewhere<00:44:28.160><c> between</c><00:44:28.480><c> here</c><00:44:29.040><c> and</c><00:44:29.280><c> if</c><00:44:29.520><c> she</c>

42:44.940 --> 42:44.950 align:start position:0%
somewhere between here and if she
 

42:44.950 --> 42:48.140 align:start position:0%
somewhere between here and if she
decides<00:44:30.160><c> to</c><00:44:30.400><c> plunge</c><00:44:30.960><c> into</c><00:44:31.680><c> the</c><00:44:32.000><c> black</c><00:44:32.240><c> hole</c>

42:48.140 --> 42:48.150 align:start position:0%
decides to plunge into the black hole
 

42:48.150 --> 42:52.299 align:start position:0%
decides to plunge into the black hole
inside<00:44:33.280><c> the</c><00:44:33.520><c> horizon,</c><00:44:34.319><c> she</c><00:44:34.720><c> can</c><00:44:35.680><c> meet</c><00:44:35.920><c> up</c><00:44:36.560><c> with</c>

42:52.299 --> 42:52.309 align:start position:0%
inside the horizon, she can meet up with
 

42:52.309 --> 42:55.499 align:start position:0%
inside the horizon, she can meet up with
Bob<00:44:38.319><c> and</c><00:44:38.640><c> be</c><00:44:38.880><c> together</c><00:44:39.440><c> for</c><00:44:39.760><c> the</c><00:44:39.920><c> rest</c><00:44:40.079><c> of</c>

42:55.499 --> 42:55.509 align:start position:0%
Bob and be together for the rest of
 

42:55.509 --> 42:58.299 align:start position:0%
Bob and be together for the rest of
their<00:44:40.560><c> lives.</c><00:44:41.760><c> But</c><00:44:41.839><c> if</c><00:44:42.079><c> she</c><00:44:42.400><c> misses</c><00:44:42.800><c> that</c>

42:58.299 --> 42:58.309 align:start position:0%
their lives. But if she misses that
 

42:58.309 --> 43:00.940 align:start position:0%
their lives. But if she misses that
window,<00:44:44.000><c> she</c><00:44:44.240><c> will</c><00:44:44.560><c> never</c><00:44:45.040><c> be</c><00:44:45.200><c> able</c><00:44:45.359><c> to</c><00:44:45.520><c> meet</c>

43:00.940 --> 43:00.950 align:start position:0%
window, she will never be able to meet
 

43:00.950 --> 43:04.140 align:start position:0%
window, she will never be able to meet
him<00:44:46.079><c> even</c><00:44:46.480><c> inside</c><00:44:47.520><c> the</c><00:44:47.839><c> black</c><00:44:48.079><c> hole.</c><00:44:48.560><c> And</c><00:44:48.800><c> that</c>

43:04.140 --> 43:04.150 align:start position:0%
him even inside the black hole. And that
 

43:04.150 --> 43:06.940 align:start position:0%
him even inside the black hole. And that
would<00:44:49.440><c> really</c><00:44:49.760><c> be</c><00:44:49.920><c> a</c><00:44:50.079><c> sad</c><00:44:50.400><c> story.</c><00:44:51.359><c> But</c><00:44:51.599><c> of</c>

43:06.940 --> 43:06.950 align:start position:0%
would really be a sad story. But of
 

43:06.950 --> 43:09.820 align:start position:0%
would really be a sad story. But of
course<00:44:52.079><c> our</c><00:44:52.319><c> final</c><00:44:52.640><c> question</c><00:44:52.960><c> could</c><00:44:53.200><c> be</c><00:44:54.400><c> what</c>

43:09.820 --> 43:09.830 align:start position:0%
course our final question could be what
 

43:09.830 --> 43:12.860 align:start position:0%
course our final question could be what
does<00:44:54.880><c> this</c><00:44:55.280><c> part</c><00:44:56.000><c> represent?</c>

43:12.860 --> 43:12.870 align:start position:0%
does this part represent?
 

43:12.870 --> 43:15.660 align:start position:0%
does this part represent?
And<00:44:58.079><c> what</c><00:44:58.400><c> if</c><00:44:58.800><c> this</c><00:44:59.119><c> was</c><00:44:59.359><c> a</c><00:44:59.599><c> rotating</c><00:45:00.240><c> black</c>

43:15.660 --> 43:15.670 align:start position:0%
And what if this was a rotating black
 

43:15.670 --> 43:19.499 align:start position:0%
And what if this was a rotating black
hole?<00:45:01.520><c> Well</c><00:45:01.760><c> then</c><00:45:03.119><c> Bob</c><00:45:03.599><c> could</c><00:45:03.839><c> have</c><00:45:04.000><c> a</c>

43:19.499 --> 43:19.509 align:start position:0%
hole? Well then Bob could have a
 

43:19.509 --> 43:21.180 align:start position:0%
hole? Well then Bob could have a
completely<00:45:04.880><c> different</c><00:45:05.200><c> future</c><00:45:05.680><c> and</c><00:45:05.760><c> an</c>

43:21.180 --> 43:21.190 align:start position:0%
completely different future and an
 

43:21.190 --> 43:23.980 align:start position:0%
completely different future and an
exciting<00:45:06.560><c> future</c><00:45:06.880><c> altogether.</c><00:45:08.079><c> In</c><00:45:08.240><c> fact,</c><00:45:08.560><c> he</c>

43:23.980 --> 43:23.990 align:start position:0%
exciting future altogether. In fact, he
 

43:23.990 --> 43:26.460 align:start position:0%
exciting future altogether. In fact, he
could<00:45:08.960><c> even</c><00:45:09.200><c> meet</c><00:45:09.520><c> a</c><00:45:09.760><c> different</c><00:45:10.240><c> Alice</c><00:45:10.720><c> in</c><00:45:10.960><c> a</c>

43:26.460 --> 43:26.470 align:start position:0%
could even meet a different Alice in a
 

43:26.470 --> 43:29.259 align:start position:0%
could even meet a different Alice in a
different<00:45:11.920><c> universe</c><00:45:12.480><c> altogether.</c><00:45:13.920><c> But</c>

43:29.259 --> 43:29.269 align:start position:0%
different universe altogether. But
 

43:29.269 --> 43:35.230 align:start position:0%
different universe altogether. But
that's<00:45:14.319><c> a</c><00:45:14.560><c> story</c><00:45:15.040><c> for</c><00:45:15.280><c> another</c><00:45:15.680><c> day.</c><00:45:16.800><c> See</c><00:45:17.040><c> you.</c>